Partisipasi Warga pada Penanganan Krisis Akibat Pandemi Covid-19 dalam Tangga Partisipasi Arnstein di Bogoarum, Magetan

https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.74581

Anif Fatma Chawa(1*), Moch Hisyam Putra(2), Andika Riyan Saputra(3)

(1) Department Sociology, Faculty Social and Political Science, Universitas Brawijaya
(2) Department Sociology, Faculty Social and Political Science, Universitas Brawijaya
(3) Department Sociology, Faculty Social and Political Science, Universitas Brawijaya
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami masalah kuasa (power) dalam implementasi program atau kegiatan yang menggunakan pendekatan atau strategi berbasis komunitas atau community development. Implementasi program pemberdayaan masyarakat menuntut adanya distribusi kekuasaan kepada komunitas melalui proses partisipasi untuk mewujudkan tujuan utama penerapan program yaitu komunitas yang berdaya (empowerment). Diperlukan derajat partisipasi yang tinggi agar distribusi kuasa tersebut bisa terwujud. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana derajat partisipasi tinggi bisa dicapai pada penerapan Program Kampung Tangguh untuk menangani pandemi covid-19 di Desa Bogoarum. Untuk mengkaji derajat partisipasi komunitas penelitian ini menggunakan teori tangga partisipasi dari Sherry Arnstein yang secara garis besar membagi derajat partisipasi komunitas dalam tiga tingkatan yaitu  kuasa komunitas, ‘ada’ partisipasi dan tidak ada partisipasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa warga desa Bogoarum sudah mengadopsi prinsip utama dari community development yaitu human orientation, partisipasi dan empowerment pada program ppemberdayaan mereka sebelumnya yaitu jimpitan dan Bank Sampah. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip ini mendukung tercapainya derajat partisipasi yang tinggi pada penerapan Program Kampung Tangguh Semeru di Desa Bogoarum. Sebagai hasilnya, warga Desa Bogoarum berhasil mengendalikan penularan dan penanganan dampak negatif dari pandemic covid-19

Keywords


Covid-19; Distribusi Kuasa; Kampung Tangguh Semeru; Pandemi; Partisipasi; Pemberdayaan Masyarakat.

Full Text:

PDF


References

Agustina, N. M. A. D. P. (2020). “Peran Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) Kuta Dan Desa Adat Kuta Dalam Memberikan Bantuan Terhadap Warga Yang Terkena Dampak Covid-19.” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Webinar Nasional Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar “Percepatan Penanganan COVID-19 Berbasis Adat Di Indonesia” PERAN, 128–134.

Anoko, J. N., Barry, B. R., Boiro, H., Diallo, B., Diallo, A. B., Belizaire, M. R., Keita, M., Djingarey, M. H., N’Da, M. Y., Yoti, Z., Fall, I. S., & Talisuna, A. (2020). Community engagement for successful COVID-19 pandemic response: 10 lessons from Ebola outbreak responses in Africa. BMJ Global Health, 4, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003121.

Arnstein, S. (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. AIP JOurnal, 35.

Arnstein, S. R. (1975). A WORKING MODEL FOR PUBLIC PARTICIPATION. Public Administration Review, 35(1), 70–73.

Artajaya, W. I. E., & Wiasta, W. I. (2020). Desa Adat Menjadi Benteng Terakhir Dalam
Memutus Penyebaran COVID-19 Study Pada Desa Adat Tegallalang Gianyar Bali. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Webinar Nasional Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar.

Asteria, D., & Heruman, D. H. (2016). BANK SAMPAH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI TASIKMALAYA (Bank Sampah (Waste Banks) as an Alternative of Community-Based Waste Management Strategy in Tasikmalaya). Jurnal Manusia Dan Lingkunga, 23(1), 136–141.

Boulet, J. (2020). DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. In Resource Centre for Mental Healt Consumer.

Bovill, C., Morss, K., & Bulley, C. (2009). Should students participate in curriculum design? Discussion arising from a first year curriculum design project and a literature review. PRIME, 3(2).

Bowen, J. R. (1986). On the Political Construction of Tradition: Gotong Royong in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Studies, 45(3), 545–561. https://doi.org/10.2307/2056530.

Bungin, B. (2010). Penelitian Kualitatif:Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan Pulbik dan Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Kencana Predana Media Group.

Burns, D., Heywood, F., Taylor, M., Wilde, P., & Wilson, M. (2004). Making community participation meaningful : a handbook for development and assessment. Policy Press.

Candra, A. (2020). Polda Jatim Kunjungi Kampung Tangguh Semeru di Desa Bogoarum Magetan. Times Indonesia. Times Indonesia.Com.

Carpentier, N. (2016). Beyond the ladder of participation: An analytical toolkit for the critical analysis of participatory media processes. Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture, 23(1), 70–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2016.1149760.

Carver, S. (2001). Participation and Geographical Information: a position paper. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2844049.

Chawa, A. F., & Grace, M. (2019). Demystifying power in community development
practice. International Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 15(1), 153–181. https://doi.org/10.21315/ijaps2019.15.1.6.

Choguill, M. B. G. (1996). A Ladder of Community Participation for Underdeveloped Countries 1 (Vol. 20, Issue 3).

Collins, K., & Ison, R. (2006). DARE WE JUMP OFF ARNSTEIN’S LADDER? SOCIAL LEARNING AS A NEW POLICY PARADIGM. Proceedings of PATH (Participatory Approaches in Science & Technology). http://www.macaulay.ac.uk/PATHconference/index.html#output.

Dizon, J. T. (2012). Theoretical Concepts and Practice of Community Organizing. The Journal of Public Affairs and Development, 1(1), 89–123.

Dooris, M., & Heritage, Z. (2013). Healthy cities: Facilitating the active participation and empowerment of local people. Journal of Urban Health, 90(SUPPL 1), 74–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-011-9623-0

Dukhanin, V., Topazian, R., & Decamp, M. (2018). Metrics and evaluation tools for patient engagement in healthcare organization-and system-level decisionmaking: A systematic review. In International Journal of Health Policy and Management (Vol. 7, Issue 10, pp. 889–903). Kerman University of Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2018.43.

Fariha, Mariroh., Racheshi, A. R., Rohman, N. A., Widiyasari, W., & Ma’rufi, I. (2020). Evaluasi Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan Di Kampung Tangguh Semeru Perumahan Mastrip Kabupaten Jember. Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(1), 11–14.

Frankena, T. K., Naaldenberg, J., Cardol, M., Linehan, C., & van Schrojenstein Lantmande Valk, H. (2015). Active involvement of people with intellectual disabilities in health research - A structured literature review. In Research in Developmental Disabilities (Vols. 45–46, pp. 271–283). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2015.08.004.

Gerard, F., Imbert, C., & Orkin, K. (2020). Social protection response to the COVID-19 crisis:Options for developing countries. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 36(April), S281–S296. https://doi. org/10.1093/oxrep/graa026.

Guaraldo Choguill, M. B. (1996). A ladder of community participation for underdeveloped countries. Habitat International, 20(3), 431–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-975(96)00020-3.

Hayami, R., Fatma, Y., Antoni, O. T., & Mukhtar, H. (2022). Analisa Efektifitas Kebijakan PPKM terhadap Pertumbuhan Kasus COVID-19 Menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes. JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA, 6(3), 1649. https://doi.org/10.30865/mib.v6i3.4356.

Ife, E. (2013). Community Development In An Uncertain World: Vision, Analysis and Practice. Cambridge University Press.

Ikhsan, M. (2021). PPKM Mikro jadi Sorotan di Medsos Soal Efektivitas. CNN Indonesia

Kenny, S. (2006). Developing Communities:For the Future. Thomson.

Korten, D., & Carner, G. (1984). Planning Framework for People-centered Development;Contributions Toward Theory and Planning Frameworks. Kumarian Press.

Lambert, V. a., & Lambert, C. E. (2013).Qualitative Descriptive Research: An Acceptable Design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research,16(4), 255–256.

MacRae, G., & Reuter, T. (2020). Lumbung Nation: Metaphors of food security in Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World, 48(142), 338–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2020.1830535.

Maliana, & Putranto, G. (2021). Menakar Efektivitas PPKM Mikro di Tengah Keterisian RS di Pulau Jawa yang Mulai Mengkhawatirkan. Tribun News.

Marshall, K. (2016). Case Study: Responding To the Ebola Epidemic in West Africa:What Role Does Religion Play? Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs,1, 1–20.

Martín, P. P. (2014). Participation Schemas:a tool to characterize collaborative participation Reflecting on adaptiveness in T4T&A initiatives View project. ht tps://www. researchgat e . n et/publication/292977057.

Mashuri, Moch. A., Aprilina, S. D., & Nahdiyah, V. (2020). Peran Masyarakat Terhadap Pembangunan Ekonomi Berbasis Kampung Tangguh Sebagai Upaya Menekan Angka Covid-19 Di Rt 04 Rw 14 Kelurahan Kalirungkut Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Manajemen & Kewirausahaan, 5(2), 141–156.

Megasari, R., Vidyastuti, A. N., Setya, E., Rahayu, P., & Pangestu, O. (2020). Upaya Memutus Penyebaran Virus Covid-19 Melalui Pembentukan Kampung Tangguh Semeru Di Desa Tegalsari Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Graha Pengabdian, 2(3), 212–222.

Miao, Q., Schwarz, S., & Schwarz, G. (2021). Responding to COVID-19: Community volunteerism and coproduction in China. World Development, 137, 105128. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105128.

Pemerintah. (2022). Peta Sebaran Covid-19 di Indonesia. Pemerintah Indonesia. https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran.

Pramudita, M., Anggraini, D. D., Hidayat, N., & ... (2020). Lumbung Pangan Sebagai Upaya
Ketangguhan Pangan Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Desa Kabuaran Bondowoso. Multidisciplinary …, 3, 34–40.

Puspawati, D. A., Putri, I., Ni Wayan Ekayanti, & ... (2020). Sinergi Pemerintah Berbasis Adat dalam Upaya Penanganan Covid-19. Prosiding Webinar Nasional Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar 2020 “Percepatan Penanganan Covid-19 Berbasis Adat Di Indonesia, 2019, 143–149.

Rahmawati, N. I., & Fattach, A. (2020). Kampung Tangguh Semeru Pencegahan Covid-19 Untuk Indonesia Lebih Baik

Rahmawati, Y., Anugrah, F. F., Hati, E. M., &Roziqin, A. (2021). Kampung Tangguh: Wujud Kolaborasi antar-Stakeholder dalam Merespons Pandemi COVID-19. Journal of Social Development Studies, 2(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsds.1020.

Rauf, T. (2021). Menakar Efektivitas PPKM Mikro. Infopublik.Id.

Rosihan. (2020). Polda Jatim Tinjau Kampung Tangguh Semeru di Magetan. Koran Harian Bangsa.

Sampson, A. (2005). Involving users in supported housing: a good practice guide Heading Involving users in supported housing A good practice guide. Shelter

Sari, K. A. W., Eskasasnanda, I. D. P., & Idris, I. (2020). Jimpitan; Tradisi Masyarakat Kota Di Era Modern. Sejarah Dan Budaya : Jurnal Sejarah, Budaya, Dan Pengajarannya, 14(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.17977/um020v14i12020p53-61.

Setyawan, B. W., & Nuro’in, A. S. (2021). Tradisi Jimpitan sebagai Upaya Membangun Nilai
Sosial dan Gotong Royong Masyarakat Jawa. Jurnal Diwangkara, 1(1), 7—15.

Shabrina. (2021). Efektivitas Kampung Tangguh Semeru terhadap Recovery Rate Covid-1.

Sherbini, A. A. El. (1986). Alleviating rural poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Food Policy, 11(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(86)90041-2.

Sieber, R. (2006). Public Participation Geographic Information Systems: A Literature Review and Framework. In Annals of the Association of American Geographers (Vol. 96, Issue 3).

Slotterback, C. S., & Lauria, M. (2019). Building a Foundation for Public Engagement in Planning: 50 Years of Impact, Interpretation, and Inspiration From Arnstein’s Ladder. In Journal of the American Planning Association (Vol. 85, Issue 3, pp. 183–187). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2019.1616985.

Sukamerta, I. M. (2020). PERAN DESA ADAT DALAM PENANGANAN COVID-19 DI INDONESIA. Proceedings Nasional Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, 1–4.

Susanto, E. (2021, February 22). Menengok Desa di Magelang yang Jadi Percontohan PPKM Mikro Nasional Baca artikel detiknews, “Menengok Desa di Magelang yang Jadi Percontohan PPKM Mikro Nasional. Detik.Com.

Suszyńska, K. (2015). Tenant Participation in Social Housing Stock Management. Real Estate Management and Valuation, 23(3), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1515/remav-2015-0024.

Suwignyo, A. (2019). Gotong royong as social citizenship in Indonesia, 1940s to 1990s. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 50(3), 387–408. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463419000407.

Swanepoel, H., & de Beer, F. (2006).Community development: breaking the cycle of poverty. Juta.

Tyesta, L. A. (2020). “Jogo Tonggo” Suatu Kebijakan Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Dalam Penangan Penyebaran Covid-19. Prosiding Webinar Nasional Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar 2020 “Percepatan Penanganan Covid-19 Berbasis Adat Di Indonesia, 5–10.

van den Berg, M. (2010). Household income strategies and natural disasters: Dynamic livelihoods in rural Nicaragua. Ecological Economics, 69(3), 592–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.09.006.

Varwell, S. (2022a). A Literature Review of Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation: Lessons for contemporary student engagement. Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal Varwell. Exchanges, 10(1), 108–144.

Varwell, S. (2022b). Partnership in pandemic: Re-imagining Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation for an era of emergency decision-making. Research Articles Journal of Educational Innovation, Partnership and Change, 8(1).

White, M., & Langenheim, N. (2021). A laddertruss of citizen participation: re-imagining Arnstein’s ladder to bridge between the community and sustainable urban design
outcomes. J. Design Research, 19(3), 155–183. www.pedestriancatch.com.

WHO. (2020). Role of community engagement in situations of extensive community transmission of COVID-19. Who.

World Health Organization. (2020). Practical considerations and recommendations for religious leaders and faith-based communities in the context of COVID-19. Who, April, 1–6.

Zollet, S., Colombo, L., De Meo, P., Marino, D., McGreevy, S. R., McKeon, N., & Tarra, S. (2021). Towards territorially embedded, equitable and resilient food systems? Insights from grassroots responses to covid-19 in italy and the city region of rome. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(5), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052425.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.74581

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2004 | views : 1829

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2023 Anif Fatma Chawa; Moch Hisyam Putra; Andika Riyan Saputra

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Kawistara is published by the Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada.