Early Marriage Among Sasak Boys in Rural North Lombok

https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.56370

Lisa Colquhoun(1*), Pamela Nilan(2)

(1) University of Newcastle, Australia
(2) University of Newcastle, Australia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Child marriage remains a pattern in parts of Indonesia despite recent legislative attempts to ban the practice. Previous studies of the phenomenon have primarily concerned girls. Against that research trend, this article seeks to shed light on early marriage among Sasak boys in rural north Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. It draws on the narratives of six young Sasak men who were married during their mid-teens. Our analysis focusses on the sustained and potent influence of traditional cultural and religious practices, gendered norms of romance and sexual conduct, and normalised early youth transitions in a context of inter-generational poverty.


Keywords


Youth; masculinity; Sasak; Lombok; early marriage

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abdullah, Idris, and Djumardin. 2017. “Legal Protection Setting of Post-Divorce Women’s Rights: Case Study of Siri Marriage in Lombok.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8(3):297-303.

Bartholomew, John R. 2001. Alif Lam Mim, Kearifan Masyarakat Sasak. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.

Bennett, Linda R. 2005. Women, Islam and Modernity: Single Women, Sexuality and Reproductive Health in Contemporary Indonesia. Oxford: Routledge Curzon.

Bennett, Linda R. 2014. “Early Marriage, Adolescent Motherhood, and Reproductive Rights.” Wacana 15(1):66–86.

Bennett, Linda R. 2015. “Young Sasak Mothers – ‘Tidak Manja Lagi’: Transitioning from Single Daughter to Young Married Mother in Lombok, Eastern Indonesia,” pp. 238-261. In Katherine Robinson (ed) Youth Identities and Social Transformations in Modern Indonesia. Leiden/Boston: Brill.

Beta, Annisa, and Ryan Febrianto. 2020. “Are Indonesian Girls Okay? An Examination Of The Discourse Of Child Marriage, Victimization, And Humanitarian Visuality Of Global South Girls”. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 9(2).

BPS. 2013. Kabupaten Lombok Utara Dalam Angka Tahun 2013. Badan Pusat Statistik Lombok Utara, 52085.12.01

Brown, Colin. 2003. A Short History of Indonesia: The Unlikely Nation? Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin.

Buttenheim, Alison and Jenna Nobles. 2009. “Ethnic Diversity, Traditional Norms, and Marriage Behaviour in Indonesia.” Population Studies 63(3): 277-294.

Clark, Marshall A. 2004. “Men, masculinities and symbolic violence in recent Indonesian cinema.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 35: 113–131.

Clark, Marshall A. 2010. Maskulinitas: Culture, Gender and Politics in Indonesia. Melbourne: Monash University Press.

Clegg, Kendra 2004. Ampenan: Conceptions of Nationality, Ethnicity, and Identity in Urban Lombok. PhD dissertation. Deakin University, Burwood.

Connell, Raewyn. 1987. Gender and power. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

Connell, Raewyn and James W. Messerschmidt. 2005. “Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept.” Gender & society, 19(6): 829-859.

Dowd, Nancy. 2010. The man question: Male subordination and privilege. New York: New York University Press.

Elmhirst, Rebecca. 2007. “Tigers and Gangsters: Masculinities and Feminised Migration in Indonesia.” Population, Space and Place 13: 225-238.

Giddens, Anthony 1991. Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Grace, Jocelyn. 2004. “Sasak Women Negotiating Marriage, Polygyny and Divorce in Rural East Lombok.” Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context 10. Retrieved March 29, 2020 (http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue10/grace.html)

Grace, Jocelyn. 2006. “’Lacking Education'’: Young Sasak women and Teenage Marriage, Divorce and Polygamy in Rural East Lombok.” Paper presented at the Biennial Asian Studies Association of Australia Conference, La Trobe University, Melbourne, July 8–11, 2006.

Hay, M. Cameron. 2007. Remembering to Live: Illness at the Intersection of Anxiety and Knowledge in Rural Indonesia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Heelas, Paul, Scott Lash and Paul Morris. 1996. Detraditionalization: Critical Reflections on Authority and Identity. Cambridge: Blackwell.

Izharuddin, Alicia. 2017. Gender and Islam in Indonesian cinema. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Jones, Gavin W. 2002. “The Changing Indonesian Household,” pp. 219-234. In Katherine Robinson and Sharon Bessell (eds) Women in Indonesia: Gender, Equity and Development. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Kamsma, Theo and Karin Bras. 2000. “Gili Trawangan - From Desert Island to ‘Marginal’ Paradise: Local Participation, Small-scale Entrepreneurs and Outside Investors in an Indonesian Tourist Destination,” pp. 170-184. In Greg Richards and Derek Hall (eds) Tourism and Sustainable Community Development. London: Routledge.

Krufield, Ruth. 1966. “Fatalism in Indonesia: A Comparison of Socio-Religious Types on Lombok.” Anthropological Quarterly 39(3):180–190.

Lestari, Dewi M. 2001. “Beberapa Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Remaja Putri Mempertahankan Kehamilan Pra Nikah.” PhD dissertation. University of Indonesia, Depok.

Liamputtong, Pranee. 2019. Qualitative Research Methods, Fifth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mansfield, Harvey C. 2006. Manliness. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Marshan, Joseph N., M. Fajar Rakhmadi and Mayang Rizky. 2013. “Prevalence of Child Marriage and Its Determinants among Young Women in Indonesia.” Paper presented at the Child Poverty and Social Protection Conference, 10 September 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2020 (https://www.neliti.com/publications/605/prevalence-of-child-marriage-and-its-determinants-among-young-women-in-indonesia)

Messerschmidt, James W. 2018. Hegemonic Masculinity: Formulation, Reformulation, and Amplification. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

Naafs, Suzanne. 2013. “Youth, Gender, and the Workplace: Shifting Opportunities and Aspirations in an Indonesian Industrial Town.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 646:233–250.

Nilan, Pam. 2008. “Youth Transitions to Urban, Middle-class Marriage in Indonesia: Faith, Family and Finances.” Journal of Youth Studies 11(1):65-82.

Nilan, Pam. 2009. “Contemporary Masculinities and Young Men in Indonesia.” Indonesia and the Malay World 37(109): 327-344.

Nilan, Pam, Argyo Demartoto and Agung Wibowo. 2013. “Youthful Warrior Masculinities in Indonesia,” pp. 69-84. In Joseph Gelfer (ed) Masculinities in a Global Era. Dordrecht: Springer International.

Nurlaewati, Euis. 2010. Modernization, Tradition and Identity: The Kompilasi Hukum Islam and Legal Practice in the Indonesian Religious Courts. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

Parker, Lyn. 2008. “To Cover the Aurat: Veiling, Sexual Morality and Agency among the Muslim Minangkabau, Indonesia.” Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific 16:5-20.

Platt, Maria. 2012. “Married Men Behaving Badly: Islam, Gender and Extramarital Relationships in Eastern Indonesia.” Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific 28. Retrieved March 29, 2020 (http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue28/platt.htm)

Platt, Maria. 2017. Marriage, Gender and Islam in Indonesia: Women Negotiating Informal Marriage, Divorce and Desire. New York: Routledge.

Qibthiyyah, Riatu and Ariane J. Utomo. 2016. “Family Matters: Demographic Change and Social Spending in Indonesia.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 52(2): 133-159.

Ricklefs, Merle. 1993. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300. London: MacMillan Press.

Rumble, Lauren, Amber Peterman, Nadira Irdiana, Margaret Triyana and Emilie Minnick. 2018. “An Empirical Exploration of Female Child Marriage Determinants in Indonesia.” BMC Public Health 18(407):1-13.

Scherer, Savitri. 2006. “Tuna karya, jilbab and cow-boy hat: Youth in Suharto's Indonesia as reflected in the works of Remy Sylado and Emha Ainun Nadjib.” Indonesia and the Malay World, 34(99): 197-211.

Smith, Bianca. 2014. “Stealing Women, Stealing Men: Co-creating Cultures of Polygamy in a Pesantren Community in Eastern Indonesia.” Journal of International Women's Studies, 15(1): 118-135.

Sukmayeti, Evi. 2019. “Meraqiq, Awig-awig and Child Marriage in Sasak Labuapi,” pp. 199-218. In Mies Grijns, Hoko Horii, Sulistyowati Irianto and Pinky Saptandari (eds) Marrying Young in Indonesia: Voices, Laws and Practices. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

Suryadarma, Daniel, Asep Suryahadi and Sudarno Sumarto. 2006. Causes of Low Secondary School Enrolment in Indonesia. Jakarta: SMERU.

Townsend, Nicholas. 2002. Package Deal: Marriage, Work and Fatherhood in Men's Lives. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Utomo, Ariane, Anna Reimondos, Iwu Utomo, Peter McDonald and Terence Hull. 2014. “What Happens After You Drop Out? Transition to Adulthood among Early School-leavers in Urban Indonesia.” Demographic Research 30(41):1189-1218.

Van der Kraan, Alphonse. 1975. “The Nature of Balinese Rule in Lombok: Pre-colonial State Systems,” pp. 91-107. In Anthony Reid and Lance Castles (eds) South East Asia: The Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bali-Lombok, South Celebes. Kuala Lumpur: Council of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.

Vickers, Adrian. 2005. A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge: CUP.

Widyoningsih 2011. “Pengalaman Keluarga Merawat Anak Remaja Dengan KehamilanTtidak Diinginkan (KTD) di Kabupaten Cilacap, Provinsi Jawa Tengah: Studi Fenomenologi.” PhD dissertation. University of Indonesia, Depok.

Wilson, Ian. 2012. “The ‘Biggest Cock’: Masculinity, Violence and Authority amongst Jakarta's Gangs,”, pp. 121-138. In Lenore Lyons and Michele Ford (eds) Men and Masculinities in Southeast Asia. London: Routledge.

WFP. 2013. Brief Profile of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia and a Glance of WFP Indonesia Programmes Within the Province. Retrieved June 30, 2017 (https://www.wfp.org/sites/default/files/NTB%20Factsheet%20ENG%2012oct12.pdf)



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.56370

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3745 | views : 2111

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Studi Pemuda

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

   Jurnal Studi Pemuda (Online ISSN 2527-3639; Print ISSN 2252-9020)  is published by the Youth Studies Centre in collaboration with Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada.  

 

View My Stats