Pengaruh Komposisi Subtrat dari Campuran Kotoran Sapi dan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) terhadap Produktivitas Biogas pada Digester Semi Kontinu

https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.41125

Agus Haryanto(1*), Rivan Okfrianas(2), Winda Rahmawati(3)

(1) Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung Jl Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Kampus Gedong Meneng, 35145 Bandar Lampung
(2) Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung Jl Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Kampus Gedong Meneng, 35145 Bandar Lampung
(3) Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung Jl Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Kampus Gedong Meneng, 35145 Bandar Lampung
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


A B S T R A C T

This study aims to determine the effect of substrate composition on biogas production from a mixture of cow dung and elephant grass using semi-continuous digester. Fresh cow dung and elephant grass were obtained from Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. Elephant grass was knife-chopped, crushed using a blender and then mixed with cow dung at a total solid (TS) ratio between elephant grass and cow dung varies from 35:65 (P1), 40:60 (P2), 45:55 (P3), and 50:50 (P4). This mixture was then diluted with tap water until its TS content reach 5% and was used as substrate. Four semi-continuous digesters (labeled as P1 to P4) having a capacity of 36 L and working volume of 28 L were initially loaded with 22 L of diluted fresh cow dung (dilution ratio of 1:1) as a starter (source of bacteria) and were left until stable condition. When the biogas was produced, the prepared substrate was added daily into the respective digester at a loading rate of 500 mL.d-1. Parameters to be observed included daily temperature and pH of the substrate, daily biogas production, TS and VS content, and biogas quality. The results showed that the digester worked at average pH of 6.9 and the daily temperature 26.3 to 29.7°C. The total biogas production for 60 days was 608.4, 676.8, 600.0, and 613.3 L, respectively for P1, P2, P3, and P4. Biogas yield after the substrate achieving the designed composition was 254 (P1), 260 (P2), 261 (P3), and 271 L.m-3 of the substrate (P4). The addition of elephant grass up to 50% could maintain high production of biogas.

Keywords: biogas; cow dung; elephant grass; productivity; semi-continuous

 

A B S T R A K

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi substrat terhadap produktivitas biogas dari campuran kotoran sapi dan rumput gajah pada digester semi kontinu. Rumput gajah dan kotoran sapi segar diperoleh dari Jurusan Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung. Rumput gajah dipotong menggunakan pisau dan dihancurkan dengan blender hingga halus dan dicampurkan dengan kotoran sapi pada perbandingan berat padatan kering (TS) 35:65 (P1), 40:60 (P2), 45:55 (P3), dan 50:50 (P4). Campuran ini diencerkan dengan air hingga kandungan TS mencapai 5% dan digunakan sebagai substrat. Empat digester semi kontinu (diberi label P1 hingga P4) dengan volume kerja 28 L mula-mula diisi dengan 22 L starter kotoran sapi segar yang diencerkan dengan air pada perbandingan berat 1:1 dan dibiarkan hingga stabil. Setelah gas mulai diproduksi, substrat yang telah dipersiapkan (sesuai label) ditambahkan ke dalam masing-masing digester dengan laju pembebanan 500 mL hari-1. Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu harian, pH substrat, kandungan TS dan VS, produksi biogas, dan kualitas biogas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa digester bekerja pada pH rata-rata 6,9 dan suhu harian antara 26,3–29,7°C. Total produksi biogas selama 60 hari adalah 608,4; 676,8; 600,0; dan 613,3 L berturut-turut untuk P1, P2, P3, dan P4. Produktivitas biogas setelah substrat mencapai komposisi yang direncanakan adalah 254 (P1), 260 (P2), 261 (P3), dan 271 L/m-3 substrat (P4). Penambahan rumput gajah hingga 50% masih menghasilkan biogas yang tinggi.

Kata kunci: biogas; kotoran sapi; produktivitas; rumput gajah; semi-kontinu


Keywords


biogas; cow dung; elephant grass; productivity; semi-continuous

Full Text:

PDF


References

Afta, T., Iqbal, J., Iqbal, K., Aslam, S., and Ahmad, R., 2014, Production of biogas from an agro-industrial waste and its characteristics, J. Sci. Res., 6 (2), 347-357

Deublein, D., and Steinhauser, A., 2008, Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resource, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KgaA, Weinheim

Fachry, H. A. R., Rinenda, dan Gustiawan, 2004, Penentuan nilai kalorifik yang dihasilkan dari proses pembentukan biogas, Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 2 (5), 7-12

Haryanto, A., Hasanudin, U., Afrian, C., and Zulkarnaen, I., 2018a, Biogas production from anaerobic codigestion of cowdung and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) using batch digester, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 141, 012011

Haryanto, A., Sugara, B. P., Telaumbanua, M., and Rosadi, R. A. B., 2018b, Anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung and rice straw to produce biogas using semi-continuous flow digester: Effect of urea addition, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 147, 012032

Haryanto, A., Candra, P. A., Suharyatun, S., Rahmawati, W., Hasanudin, U., and Triyono, S., 2017a, Effect of loading rate and urea addition on biogas yield using semi-continuous flow anaerobic codigestion of cowdung and elephant grass (Penisetum purpuerum), International Conference on Food Security Innovation (ICFSI), Banten, October 18-20, 2017

Haryanto, A., Cahyani, D., Triyono, S., Murdapa, F., and Haryono, D., 2017b, Economic benefit and greenhouse gas emission reduction potential of a family-scale cowdung anaerobic biogas digester, Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6 (1), 29-36

Herawati, D. A., dan Wibawa, A. A., 2010, Pengaruh pretreatment jerami padi pada produksi biogas dari jerami padi dan sampah sayur sawi hijau secara batch, Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 4 (1), 25-29

Ihsan, A., Bahri, S., dan Musafira, 2013, Produksi biogas menggunakan cairan isi rumen sapi dengan limbah cair tempe, Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology, 2 (2), 27-35

Junaidi, A, 2018, Pengaruh Frekuensi Pengumpanan Terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Biogas dari Campuran Kotoran Sapid dan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) pada Digester Semi Kontinyu (Skripsi), Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung

Kaparaju, P., 2007, Effect of temperature and active biogas process on passive separation of digested manure, Bioresour. Technol., 99 (5), 1345-1352

Marchaim, U., 1992, Biogas Processes for Sustainable Development, FAO, Rome.

MEMR (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources), 2008, Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics of Indonesia

MEMR (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources), 2017, Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics of Indonesia 2017

Pandey, P. K., Ndegwa, P. M., Soupir, M. L., Alldredge, J. R., and Pitts, M.J., 2013, Efficacies of inocula on the startup of anaerobic reactors treating dairy manure under stirred and unstirred conditions, Biomass and Bioenergy, 35, 2705–2720

Rekha, B. N., and Aniruddha, B. P., 2013, Performance enhancement of batch anaerobic digestion of napier grass by alkali pre-treatment, International Journal of ChemTech Research, 5 (2), 558-564

Rukmana, H.R., 2005, Budidaya Rumput Unggul, Kanisius, Yogyakarta

Sawasdee, S., and Nipon, P., 2014, Feasibility of biogas production from napier grass, Energy Procedia, 61, 1229 – 1233

Simamora, S., Salundik, Wahyuni, S., dan Surajudin, 2006, Membuat Biogas Pengganti Minyak dan Gas Dari Kotoran Ternak, Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta

Tangkas, G. P., dan Trihadiningrum, Y., 2016, Kajian pengelolaan limbah padat peternakan sapi Simantri berbasis 2R (reduce dan recycle) di Kecamatan Seririt, Kabupaten Buleleng, Jurnal Teknik ITS, 5 (2), D86-D91

Uwar, N. A., Wardana, I. N. G, dan Widhiyanuriawan, D., 2012, Karakteristik pembakaran CH4 dengan penambahan CO2 pada model Helle-Shaw Cell pada penyalaan bawah, Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin, 3 (1), 249-257

Widarti, B. N., Syamsiah, S., dan Mulyono, P., 2012, Degradasi substrat volatile solid pada produksi biogas dari limbah pembuatan tahu dan kotoran sapi, Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 6 (1), 14-19

Yadvika, S., Sreekrishnan, T. R., Kohli, S., and Rana, V., 2004, Enhancement of biogas production from solid substrates using different techniques – A review, Bioresour. Technol., 95 (1), 1-10.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.41125

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3210 | views : 10780

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2019 The authors

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Rekayasa Proses  (print ISSN 1978-287X; online ISSN 2549-1490) is published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada. View website statistics.