Pembuatan Resin Fenol Formaldehid sebagai Prekursor untuk Preparasi Karbon Berpori: Pengaruh Turunan Phenol dan pH terhadap Karakteristik Resin dan Karbon
Mamik Mardyaningsih(1*), Rochmadi(2)
(1) 
(2) 
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Phenol formaldehyde resin dapat dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan reaktan turunan phenol yaitu p-tert-butylphenol, hidroquinon, dan p-amino phenol untuk prekursor karbon berpori. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh turunan phenol dan pH terhadap karakteristik resin dan karbon berpori. Polimerisasi dijalankan dalam labu leher tiga, yang dilengkapi dengan pengaduk magnet, jaket pemanas, termometer pada suasana basa, suhu 90°C selama 1-3 jam. Hasil resin didinginkan dan dinetralkan. Untuk proses curing, resin ditambah pTSA 5% berat serta diaduk sampai homogen. Resin yang dihasilkan kemudian dipanaskan pada suhu 150°C selama ± 10 menit. Proses karbonisasi dilakukan dengan pirolisis phenolic resin pada suhu 800°C selama 1 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum reaksi polimerisasi adalah pada pH 8. Produk resin dengan sifat fisis terbaik dimiliki oleh resin PFTBP yang mempunyai nilai rapat massa sebesar 1,18 g/cm3 dan nilai kekerasan sebesar 17,2 g/mm2. Karbon hasil pirolisis resin PF mempunyai surface area internal BET tinggi yaitu 836,7 m2/g dan bilangan iodin tinggi sebesar 862,3 mg/g.
Kata kunci: Phenol formaldehyde, resin, prekursor, karbon berpori.
Phenol formaldehyde resin can be modified by adding phenol derivates, such as tertiary butylphenol (TBP), hydroquinone (HQ), and p-amino phenol (AP). This research aimed at studying the effect of phenol derivates and pH on the resin characteristic and porous carbon. Polymerization was carried out in a three-neck flask, equipped with a magnetic stirrer, heating jacket and thermometer in a base condition, at 90°C and 1 to 3 hours reaction time. The resin was then cooled and neutralized. The curing process was carried out where resin was added by pTSA and then stirred to reach homogeneous condition. The resin was then heated at 150°C for ± 10 minutes. The carbonization process was conducted by pyrolizing the phenolic resin at 800°C for 1 hour. The result showed that the optimum condition of phenol formaldehyde reaction was at pH 8. Resin product that had optimum physical properties was PFTBP resin. It had a density of 1.18 g/cm3 and hardness value of 17.2 g/mm2. Among the phenolic resin materials produced, the PF carbon showed the highest product quality, indicated by high BET surface area of 836.7 m2/g and high iodine number of 862.3 mg/g.
Keywords: phenol formaldehyde, resin, precursor, porous carbon
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.1900
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