Pembuatan Kitosan dari Kulit dan Kepala Udang Laut Perairan Kupang Sebagai Pengawet Ikan Teri Segar

https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.11375

Mamiek Mardyaningsih(1*), Aloysius Leki(2), Oktovianus D. Rerung(3)

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The objective of the study is to examine the feasibility of chitosan from skin and head of the shrimp from Kupang seas as a fresh anchovy preservative. The study was conducted through two stages: chitosan production and application of chitosan as fresh anchovy preservative. Chitosan production generally starts from shrimp waste flour manufacture, deproteinization, demineralization and deacetilation. The concentration of chitosan as fresh anchovy preservative is 1.5%. Chitosan characterization includes water, protein, ash and fat and fresh anchovy test which covers the organoleptic test, microbiology and proximate test. The results showed that chitosan has flake shape with moisture content of 2.81%, ash 0.75%, nitrogen 7.26%, clear transparent color and 79.11% degree of deacetilation. Characteristics of chitosan meet Proptan Laboratoris standards. Storage life of fresh anchovy soaked in chitosan is 3 days at room temperature storage, while for normal fresh anchovy is only 1 day. Chitosan can extend the storage life, increase the rate of protein fish, preserve the taste of fresh anchovy and make the fresh anchovy more shinny.

Keywords: shrimp waste, chitosan, preservative, fresh anchovy

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kelayakan kitosan dari kulit dan kepala udang laut perairan Kupang sebagai pengawet ikan teri segar. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui 2 tahap yaitu pembuatan kitosan dan aplikasi kitosan sebagai pengawet ikan teri segar. Pembuatan kitosan secara umum dimulai dari pembuatan tepung limbah udang, deproteinasi, demineralisasi dan deasetilasi. Aplikasi pengawetan ikan teri segar menggunakan kitosan dengan konsentrasi 1,5%. Karakterisasi kitosan meliputi kadar air, abu, protein dan derajat deasetilasi. Uji ikan teri segar meliputi uji organoleptik, mikrobiologi dan uji proksimat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kitosan yang dihasilkan memiliki bentuk partikel serpihan, kadar air 2,81%, kadar abu 0,75%, kadar nitrogen 7,26%, warna larutan jernih dan derajat deasetilasi 79,11%. Karakteristik kitosan sudah memenuhi standar Proptan Laboratoris. Kitosan dapat memperpanjang umur penyimpanan dan meningkatkan kadar protein. Umur simpan ikan teri segar yang dicelup kitosan adalah 3 hari pada penyimpanan suhu kamar, sedangkan untuk ikan teri segar kontrol hanya 1 hari. Kitosan tidak merubah cita rasa ikan teri segar dan membuat penampakan ikan teri segar mengkilat.

Kata kunci: limbah udang laut, kitosan, pengawet, ikan teri segar


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.11375

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