The Effect of Soil Solarization Duration on the Abundance and Diversity of Nematodes in Intercropping Fields of Shallot with Chili

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.91751

Luluk Meila(1), Siwi Indarti(2*), F. X. Wagiman(3), Nugroho Susetya Putra(4)

(1) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora, Bulaksumur, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
(2) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora, Bulaksumur, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
(3) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora, Bulaksumur, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
(4) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora, Bulaksumur, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Solarization is a technique that increases soil temperature and affects nematode abundance and diversity in agricultural land and can be used as alternative management technique against soil borne pathogens including plant-parasitic nematodes. Intercropping is also known to have strong influences on soil nematodes. This study aims to determine the effects of solarization duration on nematode abundance and diversity in soil of shallot intercropped with chili, and its effect on shallot productivity as the main crop. The study was conducted with randomized complete block design (RCBD) that included three treatments of solarization durations (0, 14, and 30 days) with 5 replications for each treatment. Soil samples were taken before solarization, after solarization and before harvest. Nematodes were extracted from soil samples using the modified whitehead-tray method. The results showed that different solarization durations affected soil temperature, nematode diversity, and abundance. The highest soil temperature resulted from solarization duration of 14 days (42.7 °C). Overall, 22 nematodes genera were found with bacterivores nematode being the dominant trophic group in all solarization treatments. Soil solarization had less impact on the abundance of predator and omnivore trophic groups. The abundance of all nematode genera significantly decreased after 14 days of solarization. The abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes significantly decreased in the 14-day solarization treatment, standing with a decline of fungivore nematodes through soil ecosystem shifts. Meanwhile during harvest, the abundance and diversity of nematodes increased significantly. Moreover, shallot plants showed higher plant height, root weight, root length, gross weight of bulbs and dry weight of bulbs at solarization durations of 14 and 30 days compared to those without solarization. From this study, the 14 days of solarization was the best treatment for nematode management in the shallot productions to provide balanced soil nematodes environment.


Keywords


nematode abundance; shallot; soil solarization; temperature

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.91751

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