The Effect of Chitosan Application against Plant Growth and Intensity of Stunting Disease on Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Seedlings

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.25453

Emerensiana Uge(1*), Sri Sulandari(2), Sedyo Hartono(3), Susamto Somowiyarjo(4)

(1) Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(4) Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is  an important estate crops in Indonesia. Some pathogens that have been known to infect black pepper plants include fungi, nematodes and viruses. The stunting disease on black pepper plants was caused by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Molecular detection using RT-PCR method showed that the samples were positively infected by CMV which were amplified by specific primers CMV 111 with bands of 111 bp in size. This virus can be carried by vegetative propagation material of plants. Many control strategies against this virus have been investigated, especially inducing plant resistance with chitosan. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that play an important role in reducing disease incidence and severity and stimulate plant growth. The aim of this study was to figure out the inhibiting  ability of chitosan solution against infection of stunting virus on black pepper seedlings through spraying applications. Chitosan treatments were prepared in concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. The result showed that application of chitosan at all concentrations affected the decrease of disease incidence and intensity and improved plant growth with insignificant different amongst all treatments but significantly different with control. The highest decrease in incidence was found at 0.75% of chitosan concentration (26.37), while the highest decrease of intensity was expressed at 1% of chitosan (37.62). Application of chitosan also significantly affected to all parameters of plant growth either plant height or leaf diameter. Application of 1% of chitosan increased the percentage of plant growth rather than other treatments, with the increase of plant height 58.12 % and leaf diameter 54.74 %.

 

Intisari

Lada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan penting di Indonesia. Beberapa patogen telah diketahui menginfeksi tanaman lada di antaranya jamur, nematoda, dan virus. Penyakit kerdil pada tanaman lada disebabkan oleh Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Deteksi molekuler menggunakan metode RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa sampel positif terinfeksi CMV yang diamplifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik CMV 111 dengan ukuran pita band target 111 bp. Virus ini dapat terbawa bahan perbanyakan tanaman secara vegetatif. Banyak strategi pengendalian virus yang telah diuji, diantaranya induksi ketahanan tanaman dengan kitosan. Kitosan adalah biopolimer alami yang berperan dalam menurunkan insidensi dan intensitas penyakit dan menstimulasi pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan penghambatan dari larutan kitosan terhadap infeksi dari virus kerdil pada bibit lada dengan aplikasi penyemprotan. Konsentrasi kitosan yang digunakan adalah 0,5%; 0,75%; dan 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa apliksi kitosan pada semua konsentrasi berpengaruh dalam menurunkan insidensi dan intensitas penyakit dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dengan tidak berbeda nyata di antara perlakuan tetapi berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penurunan nilai insidensi tertinggi yakni pada aplikasi kitosan 0,75% (26,37), sedangkan penurunan nilai intensitas tertinggi yakni pada aplikasi kitosan 1% (37,62). Aplikasi kitosan juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semua parameter pertumbuhan tanaman baik tinggi tanaman maupun diameter daun. Pada aplikasi kitosan 1% meningkatkan persentase tinggi tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya,yakni tinggi tanaman sebesar 58,12 % dan diameter daun sebesar 54,74 %.


Keywords


black pepper; chitosan; stunting disease

Full Text:

PDF


References

Bhat, A.I, T.H. Faisal, R. Madhubala, P.S. Hareesh & R.P. Pant. 2004. Purification, Production of Antiserum and Development of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay-Based Diagnosis for Cucumber mosaic virus Infecting Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Journal of Spices Aromatic Crops 13: 6−21.

Bhat, A.I. & A. Siljo. 2014. Detection of Virus Infecting Black Pepper by SYBR Green-Based Real Time PCR Assay. Journal of Plant Pathology 96: 105−109.

Bhat, A.I., T. Hohn & R. Selvarajan. 2016. Badnaviruses: The Current Global Scenario. Viruses. 8: 1−29.

Boonlertnirun, S, C. Boonraung & R. Suvanasara. 2008. Application of Chitosan in Rice Production. Journal of Metal, Materials and Mineral 18: 47−52.

Damayanti, T.A., Haryanto & S. Wiyono. 2013. Pemanfaatan Kitosan untuk Pengendalian Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) pada Kacang Panjang [Utilization of Chitosan to Control Bean commom mosaic virus (BCMV) on Yard Long Bean]. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 13: 110–116.

Daryono, B.S, & K.T. Natsuaki. 2009. Survey on the Occurrence of Viruses Infecting Cucurbits in Yogyakarta and Central Java. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 15: 83−89.

de Silva , D.P.P, P. Jones & M.W. Shaw. 2002. Identification and Transmission of Piper yellow mottle virus and Cucumber mosaic virus Infecting Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) in Sri Langka. Plant Pathology 51: 537−545.

Firdausil, A.B, S. Rusmilah & D. Sitepu. 1992. Stunted Disease of Black Pepper, p. 220−226. In P. Wahid, D. Sitepu, S. Deciyanto, & U. Superman (eds.), Proceeding of the International Workshop on Black Pepper Diseases, Bander, Lampung, Indonesia. Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor, Indonesia.

Faoro, F. 2013. Induced Systemic Resistance against Systemic Viruses: a Feasible Approach? International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control-West Palaearctic Regional Section Bulletin 89: 199−203.

Goodman, R.N., Z. Kiraly, & K.R. Wood. 1986. The Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Diseases. University of Missouri Press, Columbia. 433 p.

Iriti, M, M. Sironi, S. Gomarasca, A.P. Casazza, C. Soave, & F. Faoro. 2006. Cell Death Mediated Antiviral Effect of Chitosan in Tobacco. Plant Physiology Biochemistry 44: 893−900.

Mariana, M. & Miftakhurohmah. 2016. Deteksi CMV dan PYMoV pada Benih Lada (Piper nigrum) dengan Teknik ELISA [Detection of CMV and PYMoV on Black Pepper Seedlings (Piper nigrum) Using ELISA Technique]. Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 27: 155−162.

Miftakhurohmah & R. Balfas. 2014. Karakteristik Biologi dan Molekuler serta Pengendallian Virus Penyebab Kerdil pada Lada [Biological and Molecular Characteristics and Viral Control of the Causes of Dwarf Disease in Pepper]. Perspektif 13: 53−62.

Miftakhurohmah, M. Mariana, & D. Wahyuno. 2016. Deteksi Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) Penyebab Penyakit Kerdil pada Tanaman Lada secara Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) [Detection of Piper Yellow Mottle Virus (PYMoV) the Cause of Dwarf Disease on Black Pepper by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)]. Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 27: 77–84.

Mishra S, K.S. Jagadeesh, P.U. Krishnaraj, & S. Prem. 2014. Biocontrol of Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) in Tomato with Chitosan Supplemented Formulations of Pseudomonas sp. under Field Conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science 8: 347−355.

Noiket, N., T. Boonthip, & K. Riangwong. 2014. Evaluation of Potential for Chitosan to Control TYLCV Disease and Promote the Growth of Sridathip 3 Tomato, p. 252−259. In Thai Society for Biotechnology, Electronic Proceeding of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Thai Society for Bio-technology and International Conference. Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai. Thailand, November 26th−29th,, 2014.

Pospieszny, H., S. Chirkov, & J. Atabekov. 1991. Introduction of Antiviral Resistance in Plants by Chitosan. Plant Science 79: 63–68.

Siju S., R. Madhubala, & A.I. Bhat. 2007. Sodium Sulphite Enhances RNA Isolation and Sensitivity of Cucumber mosaic virus Detection by RT-PCR in Black Pepper. Jounal of Virological Methods 141: 107−110.

Sumardiyono, Y.B, S. Sulandari, & E. Purnawan. 1996. Penyakit Mosaik Pisang, Reaksi Inang, dan Pemurnian Virus [Banana Mosaic Disease, Host Reaction and Virus Purification]. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 2: 45−49.

Suparman, U., A. Supandi, & A. Burhan. 1992. Beberapa Keuntungan Penggunaan Bibit Lada Asal Setek Satu Ruas. Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 7: 5−9.

Suptijah, P., A. M. Jacob, & S. Mursid. 2010. Teknik Peranan Kitosan dalam Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum) Selama Fase Vegetatif [The Role of Chitosan in Tomato Growth Enhancement (Lycopersicum esculentum) during Vegetative Phase]. AKUATIK-Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan 4: 9−14.

Uthairatanakij, A, J.A.T. Da Silva, & K. Obsuwan. 2007. Chitosan for Improving Orchid Production and Quality. Orchid Science and Biothechnology 1: 1−5.

Wanichpongpan, P, K. Suriyachan, & S. Chandkrachang. 2001. Effect of Chitosan on the Growth of Gebera Flower Plant (Gerbera jamesonii), p. 198−201. In T. Urgami, K. Kurita, & T. Fukamizo (eds.), Chitin and Chitosan in Life Science,Yamaguchi Inc., New York.

Zhao, X.M, X.P. She, W. Yu, X.M. Liang, & Y.G. Du. 2007. Effects of Oligochitosans on Tobacco Cells and Role of Endogenous Nitric Oxide Burst in the Resistance of Tobacco to TMV. Journal of Plant Pathology 89: 55−65.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.25453

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4138 | views : 2456

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.  

View website statistics