* Corresponding Author
Insect Biodiversity in Organic and Non-Organic Rice Ecosystem in The District of Bantul
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.16619 Eka Armi Ovawanda(1*), Witjaksono Witjaksono(2), Y. Andi Trisyono(3)
(1) Department of Plant Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Department of Plant Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Department of Plant Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Measuring biodiversity of insects is an essential part in management concept of insect pest populations based on ecology. This study examined the index of insect biodiversity by measuring species richness, species evenness and heterogeneity in organic and non-organic rice farming ecosystem. The sampling was conducted during the planting season of April–May 2015 and October–November 2015 at 44, 52 and 66 days after rice transplanting (DAT). High number of species richness (7 to 13 species) was found in the non-organic rice field (April–May 2015). In contrast, high number of species richness (22 to 33 species) was found in the organic rice field (October–November 2015). The species evenness and heterogeneity in the organic farming were generally higher than these in the non-organic rice in the both of planting season April–May 2015 and October–November 2015. Overall, the organic rice farming ecosystem can increase species richness, species evenness and heterogeneity of insect.
INTISARI
Mengukur biodiversitas serangga adalah salah satu bagian penting dalam konsep pengelolaan populasi serangga hama berbasis ekologi. Penelitian ini mengkaji indeks biodiversitas serangga dengan mengukur kekayaan spesies (species richness), kemerataan spesies (species evenness), dan keanekaragaman/kelimpahan spesies (heterogenity) pada sistem budidaya padi organik dan non-organik. Pengambilan sampel diperoleh pada saat musim tanam April–Mei 2015 dan musim tanam Oktober–November 2015 di 44, 52, dan 66 hari setelah tanam. Total kekayaan spesies tertinggi (7–13 spesies) ditemukan di lahan padi non-organik (April–Mei 2015). Sebaliknya, total kekayaan spesies (22–33 spesies) ditemukan di lahan padi organik (Oktober–November 2015). Kemerataan spesies dan heterogenitas di lahan padi organik secara umum lebih tinggi dibanding di padi non-organik pada kedua musim tanam April–Mei 2015 dan Oktober–November 2015. Secara keseluruhan, sistem budidaya di ekosistem padi organik dapat meningkatkan kekayaan spesies, kemerataan spesies, dan heterogenitas serangga.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Baudry, J., F. Burel, C. Thenail, & D. Le Coeur. 2000. A Holistic landscape Ecology Study of the Interactions between Activitiesand Ecological Patterns in Brittany, France. Landscape and Urban Planning 50: 119–128.
BBPTP (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi). 2012. Description Rice Varieties Inpari 23. http://www. litbang.pertanian.go.id, modified 21/3/16.
Birkhofer, K., A. Fliebbach., D.H. Wise & S. Scheu. 2008. Generalist Predators in Organically and Conventionally Managed Grass-Clover Fields: Implications for Conservation Biological Control. Annual of Applied Biology 153: 271−280.
Christian, L. & M. Jean-Claude. 2003. Biodiversity. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., England. 281 p.
David P.M.M., K. Ezhilrani, & T.M. Thiyagarajan. 2005. Relative Abudance of Insects in SRI and Conventional Rice. National Symposium on Biodiversity and Insect Pest Management: 3−4, February 2005.
Chennai. Drinkwater, L.E., D.K. Letourneau, F. Workneh, A.H.C. Van Bruggen, & C. Shennan. 1995. Fundamental Differences between Conventional and Organic Tomato Agroecosystems in California. Ecological Applications 5: 1098–1112.
Foottit, R.G. & P.H. Adler (eds.). 2009. Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Blackwell, Oxford. 623 p.
Good, I.J. 1953. The Population Frequencies of Species and the Estimation of Population Parameters. Biometrika 40: 237−264.
Heinrichs, E.A. 1994. Biology and Management of Rice Insects. Wiley Eastern Limited. London, U.K. 779 p.
Heong, K.L., A. Manza, J. Catindig, S. Villareal, & T. Jacabsen. 2007. Changes in Pesticide Use and Arthropod Biodiversity in the IRRI Research Farm. Outlooks in Pest Management 18: 229−233.
Hepperly P, D. Lotter, C.Z. Ulsh, R. Seidel & C. Reider. 2009. Compost, Manure and Synthetic Fertilizer Influences Crop Yields, Soil Properties, Nitrate Leaching, and Crop Nutrient Content. Compost Science & Utilization 17: 117−126.
Hillstrom, M.L. & R.L. Lindroth. 2008. Elevated Atmospheric Carbon dioxide and Ozone Alter Forest Insect Abundance and Community Composition. Insect Conservation and Diversity 1: 233−241.
Hurlbert, S.H. 1971. The Non-Concept of Species Diversity: a Critique and Alternative Parameters. Ecology 52: 577−586.
IRRI. 2011. Training on Rice Arthropod Biodiversity and Taxonomy in Thailand. International Rice Research Institute. Los Baños, Philippines. 147 p.
Klapwijk, M.J., C. Grobler, K. Ward, D. Wheeler, O. Lewis. 2010. Influence of Experimental Warming and Shading on Host-Parasitoid Synchrony. Global Change Biology 16: 102−112.
Kurniawati, N. 2014. Keragaman dan Kelimpahan Musuh Alami Hama pada Habitat Padi yang Dimanipulasi dengan Tumbuhan Berbunga. Tesis. Fakultas Pertanian UGM, Yogyakarta. 56 p.
Krebs, C.J. 1999. Ecological Methodology, 2nd ed. University of British Columbia. 607 p.
Krebs, C.J. 2008. The Ecological World View. CSIRO, Australia. 555 p.
Krebs, C.J. 2009. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. 6th ed. Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco. 689 p.
Lloyd, M. & R.J. Ghelardi. 1964. A Table for Calculating the ‘Equitability’ Component of Species Diversity. Journal of Animal Ecology 33: 217−225.
Loreau, M., S. Naeem, & P. Inchausti. 2002. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Synthesis and Perspectives. Oxford University Press, New York. 283 p.
Mäder, P., A. Fliessbach, D. Dubois, L. Gunst, P. Fried, & U. Niggli. 2002. Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organicfarming. Science 296: 1694–1697.
Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and its Measurement. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. 175 p.
Magurran, A.E. 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. 248 p.
Meilin, A. 2012. Dampak Aplikasi Insektisida pada Parasitoid Telur Wereng Batang Coklat dan Deltametrin Konsentrasi Subletal terhadap Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Disertasi. Fakultas Pertanian UGM, Yogyakarta. 149 p.
Mukerji, R. 2009. Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation Experiences from Rajasthan & Andra Pradesh: SRI the System of Rice Intensification: Case Study India. V&A Programme, India.
Mclntosh, R.P. 1967. An Index of Diversity and the Relation of Certain Concepst to Diversity. Ecology 48: 392−404.
Padmavathi C.H, R.M. Kumar, L.V. Subba Rao, K. Surekha, P.C. Latha, M.S. Prasad, V.R. Babu & I.C. Pasalu. 2009. Influence of SRI Method of Rice Cultivation on Insect Pest Incidence and Arthropod Diversity. Oryza 46: 227−230.
Pfinner, L. & U. Niggli. 1996. Effects of Bio-dynamic, Organic and Conventional Farming on Ground Beetles (Col. Carabidae) and Other Epigaeic Arthropods in Winter Wheat. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 12: 353–364.
Price, P.W., R.T. Denno, M.D. Eubank, D.L. Finke, & I. Kaplan. 2011. Insect Ecology: Behavior, Populations and Communities. Cambridge University Press, New York. 829 p.
Ravi G, R. Rajendran, N. Raju, K. Chozhan & V. Muralidharan. 2007. Insect Pest Scenario in Irrigated Rice Grown under SRI Method of Cultivation.SRI India 2007-II National Symposium on System of Rice Intensification in India-Progress and Prospects. October 3−5, 2007. India.
SARE (Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education). 2012. How Ecologically Based Pest Management Works. University of Maryland. http://sare.org, modified 7/3/16.
Schowalter, T.D. 2011. Insect Ecology: An Ecosystem Approach, 3rd Edition. Elsevier, London. 625 p.
Settle, W.H., H. Ariawan., E.T. Astuti, W. Cahyana, A.L. Hakim, D. Hindayana, A.S. Lestari, Pajarningsih, & Sartanto. 1996. Managing Tropical Rice Pests through Conservation of Generalist Natural Enemies and Alternative Prey. Ecology 77: 1975–1988.
Simpson, E.H. 1949. Measurement of Diversity. Nature 163: 688.
Suputa., A.T. Arminudin., Desmawati., W. Puji, A.A. Ma’rufah., R. Warduna, T. Sulistyawati, T.B. Putra. 2015. Pengenalan Musuh Alami (Predator & Parasitoid) dan Pemanfaatannya. Direktorat Perlindungan Hortikultura, Jakarta. 170 p.
Untung, K. 2006. Pengantar Pengendalian Hama Terpadu. 2nd ed. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. 348 p.
Usyati, N. Kurniawati, N. Baehaki, SE., Triny S.K. 2012. Pengawalan Tanaman Padi di Dalam dan Sekitar Kebun Sukamandi serta Pengendalian Hama dengan Rekayasa Ekologi. Laporan Akhir Tahun. ROPP DIPA. Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.
Wisuda, N.L. 2014. Resurjensi Wereng Batang Coklat akibat Aplikasi Insektisida Abamektin. Tesis. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. 42 p.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.16619
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2873
| 
views : 1878
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics