Studi Mutu Kayu Jati di Hutan Rakyat Gunungkidul I. Pengukuran Laju Pertumbuhan

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.7529

Sri Nugroho Marsoem(1*)

(1) Bagian Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Kabupaten Gunungkidul menyimpan potensi sebagai penyedia kayu jati sebagai bahan baku industri dari hutan rakyatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya laju pertumbuhan dan riap pohon jati di hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Gunungkidul serta dihubungkan dengan faktor hujan. Tempat tumbuh yang diamati yaitu Panggang, Playen dan Nglipar. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 3 tahun, yaitu periode I (Oktober 2009-September 2010), periode II (Oktober 2010-September 2011), dan periode III (Oktober 2011-September 2012). Pengukuran diameter pohon dilakukan setiap akhir bulan pada 3 kelas diameter pohon, yaitu besar, menengah dan kecil, dengan ulangan 5 pohon tiap kelasnya. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan rerata riap diameter tertinggi sebesar 2,21 ± 0,52 cm/tahun diamati di Panggang untuk kelas diameter besar sedangkan nilai terendah sebesar 0,33 ± 0,19 cm/tahun diamati di Nglipar yaitu untuk kelas diameter kecil. Kelas diameter besar memberikan nilai riap yang tertinggi. Pertumbuhan saat periode I hampir semua menunjukkan tertinggi pada semua tempat tumbuh dan kelas diameter. Secara umum, pengukuran riap bulanan menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan minim dan minus antara Mei-September, puncak pertumbuhan antara Nopember-Februari. Korelasi Pearson antara riap dan curah/hari hujan untuk semua data menunjukkan korelasi sangat nyata antara riap bulanan dengan curah hujan (r = 0,24) atau hari hujan (r = 0,28). Korelasi data berdasarkan faktor tempat tumbuh memperoleh derajat korelasi tertinggi (r = 0,67) yang diamati di Playen khususnya di periode II. Rendahnya derajat korelasi secara umum mengindikasikan beberapa faktor lain perlu diperhitungkan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan pertumbuhan pohon hutan rakyat Gunungkidul.

Katakunci: Tectona grandis, laju pertumbuhan, riap, Gunungkidul, curah hujan

 

A Study of Teakwood Quality Grown in Community Forests in Gunungkidul, I. Measurement of Growth-Rate

Abstract

Gunungkidul regency has a potentiality to be a producer of teak wood as raw materials for industrial purposes. This study aimed to find out the growth-rate and increment levels of teak trees from community forests in Gunungkidul regency and to correlate it with the rainfall factor. Three observed sites were Panggang, Playen and Nglipar. The observation was conducted during 3 years, i.e. 1st period (October 2009-September 2010), 2nd period (October 2010-September 2011), and 3rd period (October 2011-September 2012). The measurements of diameter were performed on trees in 3 diameter classes (high, middle, small) every in the end of the month by 5 replications of each class. The results were the highest average of diameter increment were 2.21 + 0.52 cm/year observed in Panggang for high diameter class as the lowest level was 0.33 + 0.19 cm/year observed in Nglipar for small diameter class. High diameter class showed the highest increment values. Most of the growth-rate levels of 1st period were the highest in every sites and diameter classes. Generally, the measurement of monthly increment showed the minimum or minus growth between May and September, the highest increment peaks were measured during November – February. Pearson’s correlation for all the data between the rates of increment and rainfall (r = 0.24) or rainy day (r = 0.28) were significant. Data correlation on the basis of gowth-sites showed the highest degree which were observed in Playen, especially in the 2nd period. The weak correlation generally indicates the other factors should be considered to discover the trend of the growth of teak trees in the community forests of Gunungkidul regency.


Keywords


Tectona grandis; growth rate; increment; Gunungkidul; rainfall

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Badan Pusat Statisik Kab. Gunungkidul. 2013. Gunungkidul dalam Angka 2012. Badan Pusat Statisik Kab. Gunungkidul. 226 hlm.
  2. Baker TR, Af?um-Baffoe K, Burslem DFRP, & Swaine MD. 2002. Phenological differences in tree water use and the timing of tropical forest inventories: Conclusions from patterns of dry season diameter change. Forest Ecology and Management 171, 261-274
  3. Bhattacharyya A, Eckstein D, Shah SK, & Chaudhary V. 2007. Analyses of climatic changes around Perambikulum, South India, based on early wood mean vessel area of teak. Current Science 93, 1159-1164.
  4. Bowyer JL, Haygreen JG, & Schmulsky R. 2003. Forest Products and Wood Science : An Introduction. 4th Ed. Iowa State Press. USA.
  5. D’arrigo R, Palmer J, Ummenhofer CC, Kyaw NN, & Krusic P. 2011. Three centuries of Myanmar monsoon climate variability inferred from teak tree rings. Geophysical Research Letters 38(1), 1-5.
  6. Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Gunungkidul. 2012. http://www.wisata.gunungkidulkab.go.id/sekilas-gunungkidul/
  7. Departemen Kehutanan. 2007. Statistik Kehutanan 2007.http://www.dephut.go.id/files/V 6 0.pdf. Diakses pada tanggal 30 Agustus 2012.
  8. Enters T. 2000. Site, technology and productivity of teak plantations in Southeast Asia. Unasylva 201, 55-61.
  9. Kramer PJ & Kozlowski TT. 1979. Physiology of woody plants. Academic Press, New York.
  10. Kozlowski TT. 1982. Water supply and tree growth. I. Water deficits. Forestry Abstracts 43, 57-99.
  11. Kozlowski TT, Kramer PJ & Pallardy SG. 1991. The Physiological Ecology of Woody Plants. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
  12. Lukmandaru G, Prasetyo VE, Sulistyo J, dan Marsoem SN. 2010. Sifat pertumbuhan kayu jati dari hutan rakyat Gunungkidul. Prosiding Seminar “Hutan Kerakyatan Mengatasi Perubahan Iklim”, Fakultas Kehutanan UGM. Jogjakarta. hlm. 79-86.
  13. Marsoem SN & Itoh T. 2000. Growth rate and growth ring in Mindi (Melia azedarch Linn) wood trees grown in Jogjakarta. Proceeding of The Third International Wood Science Symposium, November 1-2, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
  14. Marsoem SN. 2004. Growth and properties of Meranti Merah (Shorea selanica Bl.) grown in Jogjakarta. Proceeding of The 5th International Wood Science Symposium. hlm. 257-262
  15. Nath CD, Dattaraja HS, Suresh HS, Joshi NV & Sukumar R. 2006. Patterns of tree growth in relation to environmental variability in the tropical dry deciduous forest at Mudumalai, southern India. Journal of Biosciences 31(5), 651-669.
  16. Nocetti M, Rozenberg P, Chaix G & Macchioni N. 2011. Provenance effect on the ring structure of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) wood by X-ray microdensitometry. Annals of Forest Science, 68 (8), 1375-1383.
  17. Pandey D & Brown C. 2000. Teak : a global overview: an overview of global teak resources and issues affecting their future outlook. Unasylva 201, 3-13.
  18. Pemerintah Kabupaten Gunungkidul. 2012. http://gunungkidulkab.go.id/home. php?mode=content &id=78. Diakses pada tanggal 30 Agustus 2012.
  19. Priya PB & Bhat KM. 1998. False ring formation in teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) and the in?uence of environmental factors. Forest Ecology and Management 108, 215-222.
  20. Priya PB & Bhat KM. 1999. Influence of rainfall, irrigation and age on the growth, periodicity and wood structure in teak (Tectona grandis). IAWA Journal 20, 181-192.
  21. Pumijumnong N. 2012. Teak tree ring widths: Ecology and climatology research in Northwest Thailand. Journal of Science, Technology and Development 31(2), 165-174,
  22. Pumijumnong N, Eckstein D, & Sass U. 1995. Tree-ring research on Tectona grandis in Northern Thailand. IAWA Journal 16(4), 385-392.
  23. Purwanto RH & Oohata S. 2002. Estimation of biomass and net primary production in a planted teak forest in Madiun, East Java, Indonesia. Forest Research Kyoto 74, 59-68.
  24. Rao KS & Dave YS. 1981. Seasonal variations in the cambial anatomy of Tectona grandis (Verbenaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 1(4), 535-542.
  25. Rao KS & Rajput KS. 1999. Seasonal behavior of vascular cambial in teak (Tectona grandis) growth in moiste deciduous and dry deciduous forest. IAWA Journal 20(1), 85-93.
  26. Savidge RA. 1993. Formation of annual rings in trees, Dalam Oscilations and Morphogenesis. : Rensing L. (Ed.). Marcel Dekker Inc. New York. pp. 343-363.
  27. Shah SK, Bhattacharyya A & Chaudhary V. 2007. Reconstruction of June – September precipitation based on tree-ring data of teak (Tectona grandis L.) from Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh, India. Dendrochronologia 25, 57-64.
  28. Sinha SK, Deepak MS, Rao RV, & Borgaonkar HP. 2011. Dendroclimatic analysis of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) annual rings from two locations of peninsular India. Current Science 100(1), 84-88.
  29. Sulistyo J, Lukmandaru G, Prasetyo VE, & Marsoem SN. 2010. Karakteristik biomassa komponen pohon jati dari hutan rakyat di Gunungkidul. Prosiding Seminar “Hutan Kerakyatan Mengatasi Perubahan Iklim”, Fakultas Kehutanan UGM. Yogyakarta. hlm. 124-130.
  30. Susila IWW. 2012. Model dugaan volume dan riap tegakan jati (Tectona grandis L.f) di Nusa Penida, Klungkung Bali. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman 9, 165-178.
  31. Toledo M, Poorter L, Pena-Claros M, Alarcon A, Balcazar J, Leano C, Licona JC, Llanque O, Vroomans V, Zuidema P, & Bongers F. 2011. Climate is a stronger driver of tree and forest growth rates than soil and disturbance. Journal of Ecology 99, 254-264.
  32. Worbes M. 1995. How to measure growth dynamics in tropical trees – a review. IAWA Journal 16, 337-351.
  33. Worbes M. 1999. Annual growth rings, rainfall-dependent growth and long-term growth patterns of tropical trees from the Caparo Forest Reserve in Venezuela. Journal of Ecology 87, 391-403.
  34. Zobel B & Talbert J. 1984. Tree Improvement. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
  35. Zweifel R, Item H, & Häsler R. 2000. Stem radius changes and their relation to stored water in stems of young Norway spruce trees. Trees 15, 50-57.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.7529

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 8807 | views : 13607

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2013 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/


© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/

 

Indexed by:

 

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International