Potensi Perhutanan Sosial dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Restorasi Gambut
Haris Gunawan(1*), Dian Afriyanti(2)
(1) Badan Restorasi Gambut, Republik Indonesia
(2) Badan Restorasi Gambut, Republik Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Pengelolaan lahan gambut berkelanjutan diupayakan dengan restorasi lahan gambut untuk mempercepat pemulihan fungsi ekosistem rawa gambut pada satu kesatuan hidrologis gambut dan untuk perlindungan dan pengaturan tata air alaminya. Kajian ini mengobservasi potensi skema perhutanan sosial sebagai salah satu strategi merestorasi lahan gambut dengan mencermati kebijakan praktik (lokal) di masyarakat, potensi keekonomian dan kawasan yang berpotensi. Kajian ini berdasarkan desk study, pencermatan terhadap hasil penelitian mitra penelitian Deputi Penelitian dan Pengembangan Badan Restorasi Gambut, khususnya terkait paludikultur yang dikategorikan sebagai studi kasus yang memungkinkan bagi perhutanan sosial, juga dilaksanakan observasi lapangan untuk pendalaman studi kasus. Kajian ini memdapatkan gambaran bahwa PP No. 57/2016 dapat mendukung sinergi dengan konsep perhutanan sosial. Beberapa praktik (lokal) memungkinkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan lahan gambut dengan mendapatkan keuntunan dari berbagai jasa ekosistem (pada studi kasus di Sungai Beras, Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi), paludikultur yang dapat merevegetasi dan berintegrasi dengan pengelolaan hutan terdekat (studi kasus revegetasi Hutan Lindung Londerang, Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi), menurunkan konflik sosial (studi kasus di Kesatuan Pengeloaan Hutan Lindung Gambut Beram Itam, Tanjung Jabung Barat), Jambi); sementara di Kepulauan Meranti, riset aksi agroforestry mendapatkan bahwa kesadaran masyarakat tentang praktik bijak pengelolaan produk kayu dan non kayu berpotensi untuk diterapkan dalam praktik perhutanan sosial. Sementara, restorasi gambut terintegrasi dimungkinkan dengan mengadaptasikan konsep perhutanan sosial pada kawasan gambut berfungsi budidaya. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan manfaat bagi masyarakat baik keekonomian dari pertanian dan jasa ekosistem lainnya yang disedikakan oleh model pengelolaan kehutanan; dan memfasilitasi perubahan bertahap bagi reforestai di lahan gambut. Perhutanan sosial di lahan gambut memiliki potensi menjadi tradeoff antara kepentingan sosial, nilai ekonomi, dan lingkungan.
Potential Implementation of Social Forestry in Engaging Community Participation in Restoring Peatlands
Abstract
Sustainable peatland management of tropical peatland is efforted by restoration to accelerate restoring peatland ecosystem function within an area of Peatland Hydrological Unit (PHU), and to preserve water and regulate water system in a natural way. This study observes the possibility of social forestry scheme as a strategy to restore peatlands by discussing regulations, local practices of communities, potential economic benefits, and potential areas. Our observation is based on desk study and reviewing research outputs
of Deputy Research and Development of Peat Restoration Agency particularly related paludiculture, we classified the case study which social-forestry enabler, as well as field observation. This shows that PP No. 57/2016 enables peat restoration operationalizing with
social forestry concepts. Some (local) practices enable community participation in managing peatlands by gaining benefits from several ecosystem services (case study in Sungai Beras, East Tanjung Jabung, Jambi), integrating with other forestry management nearby (case study in Protected Peat Forest Londerang, East Tanjung Jabung, Jambi), decreasing social conflict (case study in Beram Itam, West Tanjung Jabung, Jambi); while in Kepulauan Meranti, action research in agroforestry elicited that the awareness about the wise practices in managing timber product and non timber forest product is potential for social forestry practices. Meanwhile, integrated peat restoration is possible by adapting the concept of forestry to cultivation function of peatlands. This practice will increase the benefit to the communities from economic benefits from agriculture and ecosystem services provided by forestry management model in a longer period; and facilitate a stepwise change towards reforestation. Social forestry in peatland has the potential to be a trade-off between social interests, economic values, and environment.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.52442
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