* Corresponding Author
Dinamika Suksesi Vegetasi pada Areal Pasca Perladangan Berpindah di Kalimantan Tengah
https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.52433 Ardiatma Maulana(1*), Priyono Suryanto(2), Widiyatno Widiyatno(3), Eny Faridah(4), Bambang Suwignyo(5)
(1) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(4) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(5) Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Indonesia memiliki luasan hutan hujan tropis terluas nomor tiga setelah Brazil dan Afrika. Namun, tingkat degradasi hutan yang tinggi di Indonesia menyebabkan negara ini menjadi salah satu penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca terbesar di dunia. Salah satu penyebab turunnya luasan hutan tropis di Indonesia adalah praktek perladangan berpindah. Suksesi vegetasi pasca perladangan berpindah dapat memberikan layanan ekologis berupa peningkatan tutupan vegetasi dan perbaikan sifat tanah yang jarang sekali terekspose pada tingkat lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika suksesi vegetasi pada
lahan pasca perladangan berpindah tingkat lanjut. Penelitian dinamika suksesi vegetasi dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel tanaman bawah, semai sapihan dan pohon di lahan pasca perladangan dengan tiga umur yang berbeda, yaitu bera muda (1 – 10 tahun), bera sedang (11 – 20 tahun), bera tua (> 20 tahun), dan hutan alam dengan menggunakan metode petak bersarang dengan plot yang ditempatkan secara sistematik. Analisis vegetasi dengan menggunakan Indeks Nilai Penting, Kelimpahan Jenis, Keragaman, dan Kemerataan. Analisis varian dengan uji lanjut DMRT digunakan jika hasil dari tiap index vegetasi berbeda signifikan antar umur perladangan. Adanya pola peningkatan serta perbedaan yang nyata (P < 0,05) antara kelimpahan dan keragaman jenis vegetasi penyusun lahan bera sedang dengan lahan bera tua pada tingkatan pohon kecuali vegetasi penyusun tanaman bawah. Nilai keragaman dan kelimpahan jenis tingkat pohon lahan bera tua tidak berbeda nyata dengan hutan alam namun memiliki komposisi yang berbeda.
The Dynamics of Succession of Vegetation in the Post-Shifting Cultivation Area in Central Kalimantan
Abstract
Indonesia’s forests is the third largest tropical forest after Brazil and Africa. However, the high rate of forest degradation in Indonesia led this country become one of the most largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions in the world. One of the causes of the degradation of tropical forest in Indonesia is the shifting cultivation practice. The succession of vegetation after shifting cultivation practice can provide ecological services such as increasing vegetation cover and improving soil properties but takes too long to recover. This study aims to understand the dynamics of vegetation succession in the post-shifting cultivation advanced stage. This study was conducted using systematical nested sampling method to take sample of shurb and herbs, and trees, including, seedling and, sapling growth stage form three different stage of post-shifting cultivation land areas, ie young fallow (1 - 10 years), intermediate fallow (11 - 20 years), old fallow (> 20 years), and natural forest. The vegetation data were then analyzed using Important Value, Species Richness, Diversity and Evenness Indices. Analysis of variance with post-hoc test of DMRT assays was used if the results each vegetation indices differed significantly between stage of post-shifting cultivation land. The Species Richness and Diversity Index of shurb and herb, seedling, sapling, and tree have significantly increased (P < 0,05) except the herb and shrub communities. The Species richness and Diversity Index of tree stage of old fallow were not significantly different from natural forest but it was composed with different species.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Achmaliadi R. 2001. Potret keadaan hutan indonesia. Global Forest Watch, ISBN: 979-96730-0-3.
Aryal KP, Kerkhoff EE, Maskey N, Sherchan R. 2010. Shifting cultivation in the sacred Himalayan landscape: a case study in the Kanchenjunga conservation area, 1st edn. WWF Nepal, Nepal.
Dalle SP, Blois SD. 2006. Shorter fallow cycles affect the availability of non-crop plant resources in a shifting cultivation system. Ecology and Society 11(2):2.
Delang CO, Li WM. 2013. Ecological succession on fallowed shifting cultivation fields. SpringerBriefs in Ecology, Springer Netherland.
El-Sheikh MA. 2005. Plant succession on abandoned fields after 25 years of shifting cultivation in Assuit, Egypt. J Arid Environ 61: 461–481.
Fachrul MF. 2007. Metode sampling bioekologi. PT Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization. 2006. Global forest resources assessment 2005: Progress towards sustainable forest management. FAO, Rome.
Ferry SJ, Verburg RW, Keßler PJ. 2001. Effects of fire and selective logging on the tree species composition of lowland dipterocarpaceae forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversity and Conservation. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Springer 11: 85.
Forest Watch Indonesia. 2014. Deforestasi: potret buruk tata kelola hutan di Sumatera Selatan, Kalimantan Barat dan Kalimantan Timur. Forest Watch Indonesia, Bogor.
Funakawa S, Makhrawie M, Pulunggono HB. 2009. Soil fertility status under shifting cultivation in East Kalimantan with special reference to mineralization patterns of labile organic matter. Plant and Soil 319: 57.
Greig-Smith P. 1983. Quantitative plant ecology. 3rd ed. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 65–87.
Indriyanto. 2006. Ekologi hutan. PT Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
Janson S, Vegelius J. 1981. Measure of ecological association. Oecologia 49: 371–376.
Kebede M, Knninen M, Yirdaw E, Lemenih M. 2013. Vegetation structural characteristics and topographic factors in the remnant moist Afromontane forest of Wondo Genet, South central Ethiopia. Journal of Forestry Research 24(3): 419−430.
Kiyono Y, Hastaniah. 1997. Slash-and-bum agriculture and succeeding vegetation in East Kalimantan. PUSREHUT Special Publication vol 6, Mulawarrnan University, Samarinda, Indonesia
Klanderud K, Mbolatiana HAH, Vololomboahangy MN, Radimbison MA, Roger E, Totland Ø, Rajeriarison, C. 2010. Recovery of plant species richness and composition after slash-andburn agriculture in a tropical rainforest in Madagascar. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 187–204.
Krebs CJ. 1989. Ecological Methodology. Harper & Row Inc, New York.
Lemmens RHMJ, Soerianegara I, Wong WC. 1995. Timber trees: Minor commercial timbers Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 5(2). p 655. PROSEA. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.
Li Y, Xu H, Chen D, Luo T, Mo J, Luo W, Chen H, Jiang Z. 2008. Division of ecological species groups and functional groups based on interspecific association – a case study of the tree layer in the tropical lowland rainforest of Jianfenling in Hainan Island, China. SP
Higher Education Press, China.
Liem DS. 1983. Survey and management of wildlife resources along the Purari River. dalam: Petr T. (eds) The Purari tropical environment of a high rainfall river basin. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 51. Springer, Dordrecht Lpt.
Ludwig JA, Reynolds JF. 1988. Statistical ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Margalef R. 1958. Temporal succession and spatial heterogeneity in phytoplankton. dalam: Buzzati-Traverso, A.A. (eds) Perspectives in Marine biology, University of California Press, Berkeley 323-347.
Mirmanto E. 2011. Spatial distribution, dynamics and recovery of wetland forest in Central Kalimantan. Doctor thesis, Hokkaido University.
Pielou EC. 1975. Ecological diversity. Wiley, New York.
Raich JW, Khoon GW. 1990. Effects of canopy openings on tree seed germination in a Malaysian dipterocarpaceae forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6:203–217.
Sala EO, Chapin FS III, Armesto JJ, Berlow E, Bloomfield J, Dirzo R, Huber-Sandwald E, Huenneke LF, Jackson RB, Kinzig A, Leemans R, Lodge DM, Mooney HA, Oesterheld M, LeRoy PN, Sykes MT, Walker BH, Walker M, Wall DH. (2000). Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287: 1770–1774.
Simbolon H. 2004. Proses awal pemulihan hutan gambut Kelampangan-Kalimantan Tengah pasca kebakaran hutan Desember 1997 dan September 2002. Berita Biologi 7: 145–154.
Suhartini. 2009. Peran Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati dalam Menunjang Pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian Pendidikan dan Penerapan MIPA. Fakultas MIPA. UNY. Yogyakarta.
Tani N, Tsumura Y, Kado T, Taguchi Y, Lee SL., Muhammad, N., Ng, K.K.S., Numata S, Nishimura S, Konuma A, Okuda T. 2009. Paternity analysis-based inference of pollen dispersal patterns, male fecundity variation, and influence of flowering tree density and general flowering. Annals of Botany 104: 1421–1434.
Tran VD, Akira O, Nguyen TT, Nguyen BV, Bui TH, Cam QK, Le TT, Diep, XT. 2011. Population changes of early succession forest speciesafter shifting cultivation in Northwestern Vietnam. New Forests 41: 247–262.
Tsujino R, Yumoto T, Kitamura S, Djamaluddin I. 2016. Land use policy history of forest loss and degradation in Indonesia. Land Use Policy 57: 335–347.
Turner IM. 1991. Effects of shade and fertilizer addition on the seedlings of two tropical woody pioneer species. Tropical Ecology 32: 24-29.
Widiyanto, Budiadi, Suryanto P, Rinarno YDBM, Prianto SD, Hendro Y, Hosaka T, Numata S. 2017. Recovery of vegetation structure, soil nutrients and late succession species after shifting cultivation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 29(2): 151-162.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.52433
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 15194
| 
views : 53077
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/
Indexed by:
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
