Asupan protein, zink, dan defisiensi zink pada santriwati underweight

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.64951

Vanessa Yudha Azizul Ilmi(1), Nani Maharani(2), Fillah Fithra Dieny(3*), Deny Yudi Fitranti(4)

(1) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(2) Departemen Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro / Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(3) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro / Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE), Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(4) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro / Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE), Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Protein intake, zinc intake, and zinc deficiency in underweight female students attending Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia

Background: One of the nutritional issues in Indonesia is underweight. Groups of teenage girls tend to have underweight especially female students (santriwati) who live far from their parents. It happens due to a lack of macronutrients and micronutrients, zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency impacts are reproductive disorders, stunted growth, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

Objective: Analyzing the differences in zinc levels, protein, and zinc intakes between female students with underweight and normal nutritional status.

Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design in Askhabul Kahfi Islamic Boarding School with 24 underweight female students selected by consecutive sampling and 24 normal nutritional status female students were selected by matching techniques based on age. Data included nutritional status assessed by BMI for age z-score, protein and zinc intakes assessed by Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and zinc levels were tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The data analyses used Mann-Whitney test.

Results: Underweight female students had lower average protein intake than normal nutritional status female students (52.20±25.06 and 75.52±23.19 grams) as well as zinc intake (4.63±1.22 and 7.51±1.94 grams). Protein and zinc intake were significantly different, but the two groups did not differ in zinc levels. All subjects had a normal zinc level of 100%.

Conclusions: There was a difference in protein and zinc intake between underweight and normal nutritional female students (p<0.001), while the zinc levels were not found any differences (p=0.773).


Keywords


female students; protein intake; santriwati; underweight; zinc deficiency; zinc intake

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Lorem GF, Schirmer H, Emaus N. What is the impact of underweight on self-reported health trajectories and mortality rates: a cohort study. Health Quality of Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):1-14. doi: 10.1186/s12955-017-0766-x
  2. Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 tentang standar antropometri anak. [series online] 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 9]. Available from: URL: http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum/PMK_No__2_Th_2020_ttg_Standar_Antropometri_Anak.pdf
  3. Kemenkes RI. Laporan hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) Indonesia tahun 2013. [series online] 2013 [cited 2020 Sep 9]. Available from: URL: http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2013/Laporan_riskesdas_2013_final.pdf
  4. Nurwulan E, Furqan M, Debby ES. Hubungan asupan zat gizi, pola makan, dan pengetahuan gizi dengan status gizi santri di Pondok Pesantren Yatim At-Thayyibah Sukabumi. Argipa. 2017;2(2):65-74.
  5. Damayanti AY, Setyorini IY, Fathimah F. Gambaran tingkat pengetahuan gizi seimbang pada santriwati remaja putri di Pondok Pesantren. Darussalam Nutritional Journal. 2018;2(2):1-5. doi: 10.21111/dnj.v2i2.2437
  6. Afrianti D, Garna H, Idjradinata P. Perbandingan status besi pada remaja obes dengan gizi normal. Sari Pediatri. 2012;14(2):97-103. doi: 10.14238/sp14.2.2012.97-103
  7. Sumarmi S, Sya’bani. Hubungan status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada santriwati di Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum Peterongan Jombang. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah. 2016;1(1):7-15.
  8. Putu L, Wadhani P, Bagus I, Yogeswara A. Tingkat konsumsi zat besi (Fe), seng (Zn), dan status gizi serta hubungannya dengan prestasi belajar anak sekolah dasar. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia. 2017;5(2):82-7. doi: 10.14710/jgi.5.2.82-87
  9. Galetti V, Mitchikpe CES, Kujinga P, Hounhouigan DJ, Zimmermann MB, Moretti D. Rural beninese children are at risk of zinc deficiency according to stunting prevalence and plasma zinc concentration but not dietary. The Journal of Nutrition. 2016;146(1):114-23. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.216606
  10. Myers SA, Nield A, Myers M. Zinc transporters, mechanisms of action and therapeutic utility: implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Nutrition Metabolism. 2012;2012:1-13. doi: 10.1155/2012/173712
  11. Lestari ED, Bardosono S, Lestarina L, Salimo H. Reduced serum zinc levels while improving growth of underweight school children in trial of zinc fortified milk in Indonesia. Paediatrica Indonesiana. 2012;52(2):118-24. doi: 10.14238/pi52.2.2012.118-124
  12. Park S, Choi H, Yang H, Yim J. Effects of zinc supplementation on catch-up growth in children with failure to thrive. Nutrition Research Practice. 2017;11(6):487-91. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.6.487
  13. Beinner MA, Lamounier JA. Plasma zinc and hair zinc levels, anthropometric status and food intake of children in a rural area of Brazil. Rev Nutr. 2010;23(1):75-83. doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732010000100009
  14. Abhiram I, Panchanathan S, Ganesan R, Jenifer A, Abhiram I, Pediatr JC. Serum zinc level: a prognostic marker for severe pneumonia in children. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2019;6(2):1-5. doi: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190435
  15. Salfiyadi T, Lura LS. Hubungan asupan mineral zinc (seng) dan vitamin A dengan kejadian diare pada balita di Kecamatan Selimeum. Idea Nursing Journal. 2013;4(3):66-73.
  16. Muhammad F, Nurhajjah S, Revilla G. Pengaruh pemberian suplemen zink terhadap status gizi anak sekolah dasar. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2018;7(2):285-90. doi: 10.25077/jka.v7i2.814
  17. Widjaja NA, Hidayati SN, Irawan R. Pengaruh penyakit infeksi terhadap kadar albumin anak gizi buruk. Sari Pediatri. 2013;15(1):1-5. doi: 10.14238/sp15.1.2013.46-50
  18. Amelia AR, Syam A, Fatimah S. Hubungan asupan energi dan zat gizi dengan status gizi santri putri yayasan Pondok Pesantren Hiidayatullah Makassar Suawesi Selatan tahun 2013 [Skripsi] Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin; 2013.
  19. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Perkiraan besar sampel. Dalam: Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2011.
  20. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 28 Tahun 2019. Angka kecukupan gizi yang dianjurkan untuk masyarakat Indonesia. [series online] 2019 [cited 2020 Sep 15]. Available from: URL: http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum/PMK_No__28_Th_2019_ttg_Angka_Kecukupan_Gizi_Yang_Dianjurkan_Untuk_Masyarakat_Indonesia.pdf
  21. Sukowati YK. Hubungan asupan energi, asupan protein, dan kadar hemoglobin dengan produktivitas kerja wanita petani Kelurahan Tegalroso, Kabupaten Temanggung tahun 2015. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2016;3(3):266-76.
  22. Gibson R. Principles of nutritional assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005.
  23. Dya NM, Adiningsih S. Hubungan antara status gizi dengan siklus menstruasi pada siswi MAN 1 Lamongan. Amerta Nutrition. 2019;3(4):310. doi: 10.20473/amnt.v3i4.2019.310-314
  24. Prathita YA, Syahredi S, Lipoeto NI. Hubungan status gizi dengan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2017;6(1):104. doi: 10.25077/jka.v6i1.653
  25. Albab U, Candra A, Rustanti N. Kadar serum dan rasio molar fitat: seng pada anak usia sekolah dasar di pesisir kota semarang. Journal of Nutrition Collage. 2017;6(4):347. doi: 10.14710/jnc.v6i4.18786
  26. Hess SY, Peerson JM, King JC, Brown KH. Use of serum zinc concentration as an indicator of population zinc status. Food Nutr Bull. 2007;28(3 Suppl.):403-29. doi: 10.1177/15648265070283S303
  27. Hailegebriel T. Undernutrition, intestinal parasitic infection and associated risk factors among selected primary school children in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2018;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3306-3
  28. Marcason W. Should albumin and prealbumin be used as indicators for malnutrition. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017;117(7):1144. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.04.018
  29. Keller U. Nutritional laboratory markers in malnutrition. J Clin Med. 2019;8(6):775. doi: 10.3390/jcm8060775
  30. Bharadwaj S, Ginoya S, Tandon P, Gohel TD, Guirguis J, Vallabh H, et al. Malnutrition: laboratory markers vs nutritional assessment. Gastroenterol Rep. 2016;4(4):272-80. doi: 10.1093/gastro/gow013
  31. Escobedo-Monge MF, Ayala-Macedo G, Sakihara G, Peralta S, Almaraz- Gómez A, Barrado E, et al. Effects of zinc supplementation on nutritional status in children with chronic kidney disease: a randomized trial. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2671. doi: 10.3390/nu11112671
  32. Armah SM. Fractional zinc absorption for men, women, and adolescents is overestimated in the current dietary reference intakes. J Nutr. 2016;146(6):1276-80. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.225607
  33. Chao HC, Chang YJ, Huang WL. Cut-off serum zinc concentration affecting the appetite, growth, and nutrition status of undernourished children supplemented with zinc. Nutr Clin Pract. 2018;33(5):701-10. doi: 10.1002/ncp.10079
  34. Lugito ST, Indarto D, Hanim D. Vitamin D, and zinc intakes were related to menstrual duration In adolescent girls of senior high schools in Sukoharjo Regency. Indonesian Journal of Nutrition Dietetics. 2018;6(3):122-32. doi: 10.21927/ijnd.2018.6(3).122
  35. Killilea DW, Rohner F, Ghosh S, Otoo GE, Smith L, Siekmann JH, et al. Identification of a hemolysis threshold that increases plasma and serum zinc concentration. J Nutr. 2017;147(6):1218-225. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.247171
  36. Radhakrishna KV, Hemalatha R, Geddam JJB, Kumar PA, Balakrishna N, Shatrugna V. Effectiveness of zinc supplementation to full term normal infants: a community based double blind, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e61486. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061486
  37. Foster M, Samman S. Vegetarian diets across the lifecycle: impact on zinc intake and status. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2015;74:93-131. doi: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2014.11.003
  38. Cantoral A, Téllez-Rojo M, Shamah-Levy T, Schnaas L, Hernández-Ávila M, Peterson KE, et al. Prediction of serum zinc levels in Mexican children at 2 years of age using a food frequency questionnaire and different zinc bioavailability criteria. Food Nutr Bull. 2015;36(2):111-9. doi: 10.1177/0379572115586400
  39. Chairunnisa O, Nuryanto N, Probosari E. Perbedaan kadar hemoglobin pada santriwati dengan puasa daud, ngrowot dan tidak berpuasa di Pondok Pesantren Temanggung Jawa Tengah. Journal of Nutrition Collage. 2019;8(2):58-64. doi: 10.14710/jnc.v8i2.23814
  40. Gammoh NZ, Rink L. Zinc in infection and inflammation. Nutrients. 2017;9(6):624. doi: 10.3390/nu9060624
  41. Issue AU, Osendarp SJM, West CE, Black RE. The need for maternal zinc supplementation in developing countries: an unresolved issue. J Nutr. 2003;133(3):817S-827S. doi: 10.1093/jn/133.3.817S
  42. Anggraeni DN, Situmorang N. Pengaruh persentase kadar albumin terhadap malnutrisi pada penderita tuberkulosis. [series online] 2019 [cited 2020 Sep 15]. Available from: URL: http://prosiding.unipma.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/view/1366/1140
  43. Pramono A, Panunggal B, Anggraeni N, Rahfiludin MZ. Asupan seng, kadar serum seng, dan stunting pada anak sekolah di pesisir Semarang. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 2016;11(1):19-26.
  44. Wang AZ, Shulman RJ, Crocker AH, Thakwalakwa C, Maleta KM, Devaraj S, et al. A combined intervention of zinc, multiple micronutrients, and albendazole does not ameliorate environmental enteric dysfunction or stunting in rural malawian children in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Nutr. 2017;147(1):97-103. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.237735
  45. Rahmad AH Al. Pengaruh asupan protein dan zat besi (Fe) terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada wanita bekerja. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2017;8(3):321-5. doi: 10.26630/jk.v8i3.509
  46. Han TH, Lee J, Kim YJ. Hair zinc level analysis and correlative micronutrients in children presenting with malnutrition and poor growth. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2016;19(4):259-68. doi: 10.5223/pghn.2016.19.4.259
  47. King JC. Yet again, serum zinc concentrations are unrelated to zinc intakes. J Nutr. 2018;148(9):399-401. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy190
  48. Bui VQ, Marcinkevage J, Ramakrishnan U, Flores-Ayala RC, Ramirez-Zea M, Villalpando S, et al. Associations among dietary zinc intakes and biomarkers of zinc status before and after a zinc supplementation program in Guatemalan schoolchildren. Food Nutr Bull. 2013;34(2):143-50. doi: 10.1177/156482651303400203



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.64951

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 8427 | views : 13226

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats