Kadar gula darah atlet sepak bola remaja setelah pemberian diet beban glikemik

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.58277

Rahma Wati Dwi Lestari(1), Deny Yudi Fitranti(2*), Nurmasari Widyastuti(3), Ahmad Syauqy(4), Binar Panunggal(5), Fillah Fithra Dieny(6), Hartanti Sandi Wijayanti(7), Dewi Marfu'ah Kurniawati(8)

(1) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(2) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(3) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(4) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(5) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(6) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(7) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(8) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Effect of diets with glycemic load arrangement on blood glucose levels in young soccer athletes 

Background: Carbohydrate arrangement considering the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (BG) are important to support the performance of athletes.

Objective: To examine the effect of diets with glycemic load arrangement on blood glucose levels in young soccer athletes.

Methods: Quasi-experimental study on 14 male young soccer players aged 15-18 years old at Terang Bangsa Soccer School. Each subject completed 4 trials separated by at least 7 days as a washout period. Diets provided consist of high GI with high GL diet (H-H), low GI with high GL diet (L-H), high GI with low GL (H-L), and low GI with low GL diet (L-L). Collected data were fasting blood glucose level (BGL 0), blood glucose level one hour after intervention (BGL 1), blood glucose level two hours after intervention (BGL 2), and blood glucose level after exercise (BGL 3).

Results: The results of paired t-test analysis showed that there were differences between fasting blood glucose level and blood glucose level one hour after intervention, blood glucose level one hour after intervention and blood glucose level two hours after intervention, blood glucose level two hours after intervention and blood glucose level after exercise in the H-H and L-H diet group. In the L-L diet group, there were differences between BGL 2 and BGL 3. One-Way ANOVA analysis showed that there were no significant differences in blood glucose levels one hour after the intervention, blood glucose level two hours after intervention, and blood glucose level after exercise between groups.

Conclusions: High glycemic load diets influence the increase in blood glucose levels at 1 hour postprandial and after exercise. Low glycemic load diets influence the increase in blood glucose levels after exercise. Diets with the arrangement of glycemic index and glycemic load did not affect blood glucose levels between diet groups. 


Keywords


blood glucose level; glycemic load; soccer athletes

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Iaia FM, Rampinini E, Bangsbo J. High-intensity training in football. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2009;4(3):291–306. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.4.3.291
  2. Bangsbo J. Physiological demands of football. Sport Sci Exch [series online] 2014 [cited 7 Jan 2019];27(125):1–6. Available from: URL: https://secure.footprint.net/gatorade/stg/gssiweb/pdf/SSE125_Bangsbo.pdf
  3. Persatuan Sepak bola Seluruh Indonesia. Hasil pertandingan. 2019.
  4. World Health Organization. Adolescent nutrition: a review of the situation in selected South-East Asian Countries. [series online] 2006 [cited 7 Jan 2019]. Available from: URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204764
  5. Fitranti DY, Dieny FF, Nissa C, Wijayanti HS, Sukmasari V, Renata MDS. Analysis of energy need and adequacy of athlete based on physical activity measurement by using pedometer. Adv Heal Sci Res. 2018;12:108–12. doi: 10.2991/isphe-18.2018.24
  6. American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, American College of Sports Medicine, Rodriguez NR, Di Marco NM, Langley S. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exercise. 2009;41(3):709–31. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31890eb86
  7. Baranauskas M, Stukas R, Tubelis L, Žagminas K, Šurkiene G, Švedas E, et al. Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes. Medicina (B Aires). 2015;1(6):351–62. doi: 10.1016/j.medici.2015.11.004
  8. Peinado AB, Rojo-tirado MA, Benito PJ. Sugar and physical exercise; the importance of sugar for athletes. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(Supp 4):48–56. doi: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.sup4.6796
  9. Dunford M, Doyle JA. Nutrition for sport and exercise. Third. USA: Cengage Learning; 2012.
  10. Russell M, Benton D, Kingsley M. Carbohydrate ingestion before and during soccer match play and blood glucose and lactate concentrations. J Athl Train. 2014;49(4):447–53. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.12
  11. Murray B, Rosenbloom C. Fundamentals of glycogen metabolism for coaches and athletes. Nutr Rev. 2018;76(4):243–59. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy001
  12. Radák Z. The physiology of physical training. Fourteenth. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2018.
  13. Dorlman L. Nutrition for health and fitness. In: Mahan LK, Raymond JL, editors. Krause’s Food and the nutrition care process. Fourteenth. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Inc; 2017.
  14. Keith RE, Holden HB, McAnully LS. The sport. In: Wlinsky I, DriskellL JA, editors. Nutritional applications in exercise and sport. Washington DC: CRC Press; 2001.
  15. Beavers KM, Leutholtz B. Glycemic load food guide pyramid for athletic performance. Strength Cond J. 2008;30(3):10–4. doi: 10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181770a59
  16. Reilly JO, Reilly JO, Wong SHS, Chen Y. Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and exercise performance. Sport Med. 2010;40(1):27–39. doi: 10.2165/11319660-000000000-00000
  17. Lazarim FL, Stancanelli M, Brenzikofer R, de Macedo DV. Understanding the glycemic index and glycemic load and their practical applications. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2009;37(5):296–300. doi: 10.1002/bmb.20314
  18. Chen YJ, Wong SH, Wong CK, Lam CW, Huang YJ, Siu PM. Effect of preexercise meals with different glycemic indices and loads on metabolic responses and endurance running. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008;18(3):281–300. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.18.3.281
  19. Jamurtas AZ, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Fatouros IG. Glycemic index, food exchange values, and exercise performance. In: Bagchi D, Sen CK, Nair S, editors. Nutrition and enhanced sports performance. 2nd ed. USA: Academic Press; 2019.
  20. Merril SM. Nutrition and body composition coaching assessment. In: Muth ND, editor. Sports Nutrition for Health Profesionals. USA: F. A. Davis Company; 2015.
  21. Heyward VH. The physical fitness specialist certification manual. In: Heyward VH, editor. Advance Fitness Assessment & Exercise Prescription. 3rd ed. USA: Human Kinetics; 1997.
  22. Fink HH, Mikesy AE. Practical application in sports nutrition. In: Practical applications in sports nutrition. Fourth Edi. Burlington: Jones & Barllett Learning; 2015.
  23. Kirchengast S. Gender differences in body composition from childhood to old age: an evolutionary point of view. J Life Sci. 2010;2(1):1–10. doi: 10.1080/09751270.2010.11885146
  24. Hidayat AT, Fitranti DY. Perbedaan kadar glukosa darah atlet setelah latihan antara pemberian sari tebu dan minuman berkarbohidrat pabrikan. J Nutr Coll. 2014;3:880–6. doi: 10.14710/jnc.v3i4.6894
  25. Cummings JH, Stephen AM. Carbohydrate terminology and classification. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61:S5–18. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602936
  26. Rodwell VW, Bannder DA, Botham K, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry. 30 th. Unite Stated: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015.
  27. American Diabetes Association. Postprandial blood glucose. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(4):775–8. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.4.775
  28. Hoerudin. Indeks glikemik buah dan implikasinya dalam pengendalian kadar glukosa darah. Bul Teknol Pasca Panen. 2012;8(2):81–98.
  29. Tortora GJ, Derrickson B. Principle of anatomy & physiology. 13th ed. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2012.
  30. Marliss EB, Vranic M. Intense exercise has unique effects on both insulin release and its roles in glucoregulation: implications for diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51(Suppl 1):271–83. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.s271
  31. Little JP, Chilibeck PD, Ciona D, Forbes S, Rees H, Vandenberg A, et al. Effect of low- and high-glycemic index meals on metabolism and performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(6):447–56. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.20.6.447
  32. Hamzah S, Higgins S, Abraham T, Taylor P, Vizbaraite D, Malkova D. The effect of glycaemic index of high carbohydrate diets consumed over 5 days on exercise energy metabolism and running capacity in males. J Sports Sci. 2009;27(14):1545–54. doi: 10.1080/02640410903134115
  33. Bangsbo J, Iaia FM, Krustrup P. Metabolic response and fatigue in soccer. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2007;2(2):111–27. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2.2.111
  34. Moore LJS, Midgley AW, Thurlow S, Thomas G, Mc Naughton LR. Effect of the glycaemic index of a pre-exercise meal on metabolism and cycling time trial performance. J Sci Med Sport. 2010;13(1):182–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.11.006
  35. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. Macronutrients and their metabolism. In: Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Fifth. USA: Cengage Learning; 2009.
  36. Luo J, Yperselle M Van, Rizkalla SW, Rossi F, Bornet FRJ. Chronic consumption of short-chain fructooligosaccharides does not in type 2 diabetics. J Nutr. 2000;130(6):1572–7. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.6.1572
  37. Trinidad TP, Mallillin AC, Sagum RS, Encabo RR. Glycemic index of commonly consumed carbohydrate foods in the Philippines. J Funct Foods. 2010;2(4):271–4. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2010.10.002
  38. No M, Kwak H-B. Effects of environmental temperature on physiological responses during submaximal and maximal exercises in soccer players. Integr Med Res. 2016;5(3):216–22. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.06.002
  39. Naperalsky M, Ruby B, Slivka D. Environmental temperature and glycogen resynthesis. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(8):561–6. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1254083



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.58277

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4242 | views : 4175

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats