Intervensi penatalaksanaan gizi dalam meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin dan tumbuh kembang balita stunting

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.56830

Delima Citra Dewi Gunawan(1*), Endri Yuliati(2)

(1) Program Studi S1 Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta
(2) Program Studi S1 Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The intervention of nutrition management can increase hemoglobin levels and development on stunting toddler

Background: The prevalence of stunting remains high in Indonesia. Stunting has serious effects on children such as increased morbidity, mortality, and decreasing physical and cognitive capability. 

Objectives: To analyze the effect of the nutrition care process on nutritional status, hemoglobin, and development on stunting children. 

Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a non-randomized pre and post-test with a control group design. Fortyfour children under five were divided into 2 groups; the intervention group received the nutrition care process for 3 months, while a control group received a leaflet. Nutritional status was determined by body weight for age, hemoglobin concentration using finger test stick, and development using a questionnaire. 

Results: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in weight for age between the two groups, both before and after the intervention. However, the differences of weight for an age before and after intervention in each group were not significant (p=0.184 and p=0.130). The increase of hemoglobin concentration between before and after intervention in the intervention group was statistically significant (p=0.008). On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration in a control group (p=0.003). There was an increase of subjects having accordance development, from 9 to 15 subjects in the intervention group. The development between before and after the intervention was significantly different (p=0.03), but not in the control group (p=0.78). 

Conclusions: The nutrition care process could accelerate the improvement of hemoglobin concentration and development, but not on the nutritional status of stunting children.


Keywords


hemoglobin concentrations; nutrition care process; nutritional status; stunting

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional. Rancangan pembangunan jangka menengah nasional (RPJMN) 2015-2019. Jakarta: Badan Perencanaan Pemdanbangunan Nasional; 2014.
  2. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Standar antropometri penilaian status gizi anak. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2011.
  3. Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, de Onis M, Rivera J, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet. 2008;371(9608):243-60. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61690-0
  4. Prendergast AJ, Humphrey JH. The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2014;34(4):250-65. doi: 10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000158
  5. Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, Uauy R, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382(9890):427-51. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X
  6. Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional. Kerangka kebijakan gerakan sadar gizi dalam rangka seribu hari pertama kehidupan (1000 PHK). Jakarta: Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional; 2012.
  7. Azwar A. Kecenderungan masalah gizi dan tantangan di masa datang. Pertemuan advokasi program perbaikan gizi menuju keluarga sadar gizi; 2004 September 27; Hotel Sahid Jaya, Jakarta.
  8. Hanum NL, Khomsan A. Pola asuh makan, perkembangan bahasa, dan kognitif anak balita stunted dan normal di Kelurahan Sumur Batu, Bantar Gebang Bekasi. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 2012;7(2):81-8. doi: 10.25182/jgp.2012.7.2.81-88
  9. Solihin RDM, Anwar F, Sukandar D. Kaitan antara status gizi, perkembangan kognitif, dan perkembangan motorik pada anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan. 2013;36(1):62-72.
  10. Muchie KF. Determinants of severity levels of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2011 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. BMC Nutr. 2016;2:51. doi: 10.1186/s40795-016-0093-3
  11. Kordas K, Lopez P, Rosado JL, Vargas GG, Rico JA, Ronquillo D, et al. Blood lead, anemia, and short stature are independently associated with cognitive performance in Mexican school children. J Nutr. 2004;134(2):363-71. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.2.363
  12. Perignon M, Fiorentino M, Kuong K, Burja K, Parker M, Sisokhom S, et al. Stunting, poor iron status and parasite infection are significant risk factors for lower cognitive performance in Cambodian school-aged children. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112605. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112605
  13. Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Hagen J, Mollen E, Wolf AW. Poorer behavioral and developmental outcome more than 10 years after treatment for iron deficiency in infancy. Pediatrics. 2000;105(4):E51. doi: 10.1542/peds.105.4.e51
  14. Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Smith JB. Double burden of iron deficiency in infancy and low socioeconomic status: a longitudinal analysis of cognitive test scores to age 19 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160(11):1108-13. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.160.11.1108
  15. Walker SP, Chang SM, Wright A, Osmond C, Grantham-Mc Gregor SM. Early childhood stunting is associated with lower developmental levels in the subsequent generation of children. J Nutr. 2015;145(4):823-8. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.200261
  16. Sudfeld CR, McCoy DC, Danaei G, Fink G, Ezzati M, Fawzi WW, et al. Linear growth and child development in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2015;135(5):e1266-75. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3111
  17. Palupi FH, Anggraini Y. Prevalensi kejadian stunting, studi cross sectional pada anak usia bawah lima tahun di posyandu Beningrejo, Tasikmadu, Karanganyar. Jurnal Ilmiah Maternal. 2017;2(2):102-7.
  18. Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) 2013. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2013.
  19. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bantul. Profil kesehatan Kabupaten Bantul. Bantul: Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bantul; 2015.
  20. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman proses asuhan gizi terstandar (PAGT). Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2014.
  21. Hastono S, Sabri L. Statistik kesehatan. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada; 2010.
  22. Sugiyono. Metode penelitian pendidikan pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta; 2010.
  23. Cable RG, Steele WR, Melmed RS, Johnson B, Mast AE, Wright DJ, et al. The difference between fingerstick and venous hemoglobin and hematocrit varies by sex and iron stores. Transfusion. 2012;52(5):1031-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03389.x
  24. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Pedoman pelaksanaan stimulasi, deteksi, dan intervensi tumbuh kembang anak. Jakarta: Depkes RI; 2010.
  25. Rahman MS, Mushfiquee M, Masud MS, Howlader T. Association between malnutrition and anemia in under-five children and women of reproductive age: evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0219170. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219170
  26. Hall C, Bennett C, Crookston B, Dearden K, Hasan M, Linehan M, et al. Maternal knowledge of stunting in rural Indonesia. International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition. 2018;7(4):139-45. doi: 10.6000/1929-4247.2018.07.04.2
  27. Pratiwi YF, Puspitasari DI. Efektivitas penggunaan media booklet terhadap pengetahuan gizi seimbang pada ibu balita gizi kurang di Kelurahan Semanggi Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon Kota Surakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2017;10(1):58-67. doi: 10.23917/jk.v10i1.5493
  28. Murtaza SF, Gan WY, Sulaiman N, Shafiff ZM, Ismail SIF. Sosiodemographic, nutritional, and enviromental factors are associated with cognitive, performance among Orang Asli children in Malaysia. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0219841. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219841
  29. Kusudaryati DPD. Kekurangan asupan besi dan seng sebagai faktor penyebab stunting pada anak. Profesi. 2013;10(1):57-61.
  30. Gibson RS. Principles of nutrition assesment. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1990.
  31. Solihin RDM, Anwar F, Sukandar D. Kaitan antara status gizi, perkembangan kognitif, dan perkembangan motorik pada anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan. 2013;36(1):62-72.
  32. Monks FJ, Knoers AMP, Haditono SR. Psikologi perkembangan pengantar dalam berbagai bagiannya. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 2004.
  33. Behrman RE. Ilmu kesehatan anak Nelson (Vol. 1). (Alih Bahasa: A. Samik Wahab). Jakarta: EGC; 2000.
  34. Grantham-McGregorb SM, Powell CA, Walker SP, Himes JH. Nutritional supplementation, psychosocial stimulation, and mental development of stunted children: the Jamaican Study. Lancet. 1991;338(8758):1-5. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90001-6
  35. Dewey KG, Adu-Afarwuah S. Systematic review of the efficacy and effectiveness of complementary feeding interventions in developing countries. Matern Child Nutr. 2008;4 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):24-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00124.x



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.56830

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2617 | views : 4485

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2019 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats