Kromium serum dan asupan mikromineral pada penyandang diabetes tipe 2

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18883

Ni Ketut Sutiari(1*), Rimbawan Rimbawan(2), Clara Meliyanti Kusharto(3), Purwantyastuti Ascobat(4), Adi Teruna Effendi(5)

(1) Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana
(2) Departemen Gizi Masyarakat, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia Institut Pertanian Bogor
(3) Departemen Gizi Masyarakat, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia Institut Pertanian Bogor
(4) Departemen Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia
(5) Rumah Sakit Pertamedika Sentul City Bogor
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Status of minerals such as zinc, magnesium, and chromium among diabetic patients are considered lower than non-diabetic peoples, both in the serum and intake. Some reviews show that those minerals contribute to carbohydrate metabolism among diabetic patients.

Objective: This study aims to explore intake of zinc, magnesium, and chromium among DMT2 in Denpasar.

Method: This is a cross-sectional analytic study. The population was all (70) DMT2 patients registered at Chronic Disease Service (Prolanis) at two Primary Health Care (PHC) Denpasar Utara III PHC and Denpasar Timur I PHC. The sample for the study was DMT2 patients and non-diabetic people age 50-70 years reside in Denpasar city. DMT2 patients were randomly selected with simple random technique, while non-diabetic peoples were non-randomly selected. The level of serum chromium was measured by AAS method, whereas microminerals intake were collected by a recall and SQ-FFQ method. Data was analyzed descriptively and differences were tested with two independent t-test at 95% confidence level.

Results: The mean of serum chromium DMT2 and non-diabetic were 0.044 mg/L and 0.094 mg/L respectively. The mean±SEM magnesium (DMT2 316.1±22.4 mg/day; non-diabetic 211.0±33.5 mg/day), zinc intake was (DMT2 8.4±0.7 mg/day; non-diabetic 6.2±0.8 mg/day), and chromium (DMT2 10.8±1.3 µg/day; non-diabetic 8.7±0.9µg/day). A significant difference was found between magnesium intake (p=0.01).

Conclusion: The study showed that zinc, magnesium and chromium intake is appeared higher among DMT2 patients compare to non-diabetic in Denpasar region.


Keywords


magnesium; non-diabetic; serum chromium; type 2 diabetes; zinc

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015;39(1):s1-s119.
  2. Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. Konsensus pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Indonesia. Jakarta: Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia; 2011.
  3. Nsonwu AC, Usoro CAO, Etukudo MH, Usoro IN. Serum and urine levels of chromium and magnesium in type 2 diabetics in Calabar, Nigeria. Mal J Nutr 2005;11(2):133-42.
  4. Praveeena S, Sujatha P, Sameera K. Trace elements in diabetes mellitus. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7(9):1863-5.
  5. Nsonwu AC, Usoro CAO, Etukudo MH, Usoro IN. Glycemic control and serum and urine levels of zinc and magnesium in diabetics in Calabar, Nigeria. Pak J Nutr 2006;5(1):75-8.
  6. Kobayashi Y, HattoriM, Wada S, Iwase H, Kadono M, Tatsumi H, et al. Assessment of daily food and nutrient intake in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using dietary reference intakes. Nutrients 2013;5:2276-88.
  7. Walti MK, Zimmermann MB, Spinas GA, Jacob S, Hurrel RF. Dietary magnesium intake in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002;56:409-14.
  8. Sun Q, Van Dam RM, Willett WC, Hu FB. Prospective study of zinc intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2009;32(4):629-34.
  9. Vashum KP, McEvoy M, Shi Z, Milton AH, Islam MD, Sibbritt D, et al. Is dietary zinc protective for type 2 diabetes? Results from the Australian longitudinal study on women’s health. BMC Endocrine Disorders 2013;13(40):1-8.
  10. Faradhita A, Handayani D, Kusumastuty I. Hubungan asupan magnesium dan kadar glukosa dadrah puasa pasien rawat jalan diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition 2014;1(2):71-88.
  11. Cochran WG. Sampling technique. New York: John Willey and Son; 1982.
  12. Ghosh D, Bhattacharya B, Mukherjee B, Manna B, Sinha M, Chowdhury S, et al. Role of chromium supplementation in Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J of Nut Biochem 2002;13:690-697.
  13. Gibson RS. Principles of nutritional assess­ment. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005.
  14. Ajibola RS, Ogundahunsi OA, Soyinka OO, Ogunyemi EO, Odewabi AO. Serum chromium, molybdenum, zinc and magnesium levels in diabetes mellitus patients in Sagamu, South West Nigeria. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014;6(2):15-9.
  15. Chen L, Magliano DJ, Zimmet PZ. The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus—present and future perspectives. Nat Rev Endocrino 2012;8:228-36.
  16. Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes the role of diet, lifestyle and genes. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1249-57.
  17. Huxley R, James WP, Barzi F, Patel JV, Lear SA, Suriyawongpaisal P, et al. Ethnic comparisons of the cross-sectional relationships between measures of body size with diabetes and hypertension. Obes Rev 2008;9(1):53-61.
  18. Chan JC, Malik V, Jia W, Kadowaki T, Yajnik CS, Hu FB, et al. Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology. JAMA 2009;301(20):2129-40.
  19. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2011;1:S62-S69.
  20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet 2011. [series online] 2011 [cited 2016 Jan 20]. Available from: URL: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2011.pdf.
  21. KaziT, Afridi H, Kazi N, Jamali M, Arain M, Jalbani N, et al. Copper, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, and zinc levels in biological samples of diabetes mellitus patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008;122(1):1-18.
  22. Kaur B, Henry J. Micronutrient status in type 2 diabetes: a review. Adv Food Nutr Res 2014;71:55-100.
  23. Guerrero-Romero F, Rodríguez-Morán M. Hypomagnesemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2006;22:471-6.
  24. Guerrera MP, Mao JJ, Volpe SL. Therapeutic uses of magnesium. Am Family Phys 2009;80:157-62.
  25. Davì G, Santilli F, Patrono C. Nutraceuticals in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Therapeut 2010;28:216-26.
  26. Volpe SL. Magnesium, the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2008;48:293-300.
  27. Volpe SL. Magnesium. In: Erdman JWJ, Macdonald IA, Zeisel SH, editors. Present knowledge in mutrition tenth edition. Iowa USA: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons); 2012.
  28. Winokan MAC, Sayogo S, Tarigan THE. Serum zinc level in type 2 diabetes and its association with zinc, animal protein, phytate and dietary fiber intakes. Maj Kedokt Indon 2010;60(2):60-6.
  29. Unjiati, Wirjatmadi B, Adriani M. Chromium and zinc level of ptients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetes. Biochem Physiol 2015;S5(10):1-5.
  30. Holt RR, Uriu-Adams JY, Keen CL. Zinc. In: Erdman JWJ, Macdonald IA, Zeisel SH, editors. Present knowledge in mutrition tenth edition. Iowa USA: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons); 2012.
  31. Lonnerdal B, Mendoza C, Brown KH, Rutger JN, Raboy V. Zinc absorption from low phytic acid genotypes of maize (Zea mays L), barley (Hordeum vulgare L), and rice (Oryza sativa L) assessed in a suckling rat pup model. J Agric Food Chem 2011;59:4755-62.
  32. Hambidge KM, Miller LV, Westcott JE, Seng X, Krebs NF. Zinc bioavailability and homeostasis. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(5):1478S-83S.
  33. King JC. Does zinc absorption reflect zinc status? Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2010;80:300-6.
  34. Chung CS, Stookey J, Dare D, Welch R, Nguyen TQ, Roehl R, et al. Current dietary zinc intake has a greater effect on fractional zinc absorption than does longer term zinc consumption in healthy adult men. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(5):1224-9.
  35. Byrd-Bredbenner C, Beshgetoor D, Moe G, Berning J. Wardlaw’s prespectives in nutrition eighth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2009.
  36. Nielsen FH. Manganese, molybdenum, boron, chromium, and other trace elements. In: Erdman JWJ, Macdonald IA, Zeisel SH, editors. Present knowledge in mutrition tenth edition. Iowa USA: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons); 2012.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18883

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 6394 | views : 3644

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats