Derajat keparahan infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths terhadap status gizi dan anemia pada anak sekolah dasar

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.15384

Farissa Fatimah(1*), Sri Sumarni(2), Muhammad Juffrie(3)

(1) Progam Studi Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Respati Yogyakarta
(2) Bagian Parasitologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, RSUP Dr. Sardjito/Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Backgound: Indonesia as a tropical country with high humidity, has good environment for worm breeding particularly Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH). The prevalence of worm infestation in Indonesia is still relatively high, about 60% of 220 million Indonesian population, 21% of them are elementary school-age children. STH intensity greatly affects the nutritional status of patients, in wich more severe infection leads to poorer nutrition condition.

Objective: To identify severity of STH infection in elementary school student at the working area of Kokap I Health Center of Kulonprogo and its correlation with nutritional status and anemia.

Method: The study was undertaken in 25 elementary schools at the working area of Kokap I Health Center of Kulonprogo. Samples were all students of grade I as many as 241 students. Worm examination was done by using Kato-Katz method, assessment of nutrition status was based on body weight according to height (weight/height), anemia status was assessed from Hb level using Cyanmethaemoglobin method.

Results: The results of the study showed that most of students (83,6%) were well nourished and were non anemic (84,9%). No student belonged to severe anemic category, 3 students (1,3%) had anemia at medium category and 31 students (13,8%) were slightly anemic. Out of 51 students that positively got STH infection, 16 students (31.4%) had light infection of A. lumbricoides, 36 students (70,6%) had T. trichiura and 4 students (5,9%) had hookworm. A. lumbricoides infected 7 student (13,7%) and T. trichiura infected 8 student (15,7%) both at medium criteria. There was no infection at severe criteria. The result of Somers’ D analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the two variables (p>0,05).

Conclusion: There was no correlation between severity of STH infections with nutrition status and anemia in elementary school student.


Keywords


Soil Transmitted Helminhts infection; nutrition status; anemia

Full Text:

PDF


References

Rukmono B. Penyakit cacing yang ditularkan melalui tanah dan pemberantasannya. Medika 1980;6(3):129-35.

Bernardus S. Parasitologi kedokteran, helminthologi kedokteran buku-2. Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka; 2007.

Depkes RI. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor: 424/MENKES/SK/VI/2006 mengenai pedoman pengendalian cacingan. [serial online] 2006 [cited 2009 August 3]. Available from: URL: http.//www.depkes.go.id/downloads/Kepmenkes

Badan Penelitian Pengembangan Kesehatan. Laporan hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) Indonesia – tahun 2007. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2008.

Knopp S, Mgeni AF, Khamis IS, Steinmann P, Stothard JR, Rollinson D, Marti H, Utzinger J. Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008;2(11):e331.

Sediaoetama AD. Ilmu gizi: untuk mahasiswa dan profesi. Jakarta: PT Dian Rakyat; 2006.

ADB Nutrition and Development Series. Effectiveness of large scale nutrition intervention. ACC/SCN Nutrition Policy Paper 2001;19.

Almatsier S. Prinsip dasar ilmu gizi. Jakarta: PT Gamedia Pustaka Utama; 2004.

Puskesmas Kokap I Kabupaten Kulonprogo. Profil Puskesmas Kokap I tahun 2008. Yogyakarta: Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta; 2009.

De Maeyer EM. Pencegahan dan pengawasan anemia defisiensi besi. Jakarta: Penerbit Widya Medika; 1995.

Tantular K. Anemia pada penyakit cacing tambang dan usaha penanggulangannya. Seminar Sehari Masalah dan Penanggulangan Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths di Indonesia; 1998; Surabaya.

Sandjaja B. Nematoda dalam parasitologi kedokteran, helminthologi kedokteran buku-2. Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka; 2007.

Supariasa IN, Bakri B, Fajar I. Penilaian status gizi. Jakarta: EGC; 2002.

Sacher RA, McPherson RA. Tinjauan klinis hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, edisi 11. Jakarta: EGC; 2004.

Efendi. Perilaku hidup sehat, intensitas infeksi cacing usus dan status gizi siswa sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Indra Jaya Kabupaten Pidie, Nanggo Aceh Darussalam [Tesis]. Yogyakarta: Progam Pascasarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2002.

Hidayat T. Kesehatan lingkungan, higiene perseorangan dan intensitas penyakit kecacingan dengan status gizi pada anak sekolah dasar di Kota Mataram [Tesis]. Yogyakarta: Progam Pascasarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2002.

Thurnham DI, Northrop-clwes CA. Infection and the etiology anemia. In: Kraemer K, Zimmermann MB, editors. Nutritional anemia. Switzerland: Sight and Life Press; 2007.

Alisah S, Abidin N, Sunkar S. Beberapa infeksi parasit massa lampau dan masa kini di Indonesia. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia 1997;47(9):453-454.

Margono SS, Sukardi W, Ismid IS, Abidin SAN. Soil Transmitted Helminths in primary school children in sorroundings of a sanitation clinic in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Presented at the 22nd APCO Parasitologists Meeting; 2000; Tokyo, Jepang.

Gandahusada S, Illahude DH, Pribadi W. Helmintologi dalam parasitologi kedokteran, edisi ketiga. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 2006.

Latham M. A priority for primary health care. Proceedings of a Workshop “Intestinal Parasites: A Priority for Primary Health Care”. New York: Cornell University; 1991.

Soemantri GAW. Hubungan anemia kekurangan zat besi dengan konsentrasi dan prestasi belajar [Disertasi]. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; 1987.

Cline B. Impact of intestinal on human health. Proceedings of a Workshop “Intestinal Parasites: A Priority for Primary Health Care”. New York: Cornell University; 1991.

Hardiana T, Hertanto WS, Rahfiludin MZ. Hubungan infeksi cacing tambang derajat ringan dengan kesegaran jasmani, status gizi dan kadar Hb murid sekolah dasar. Majalah Penelitian 2000;XII(45).

Subagio HW, Hendratno S, Satoto. Keadaan gizi, kadar hemoglobin, dan potensi belajar anak sekolah dasar pengidap ringan infeksi cacing tambang. Semarang: FK UNDIP; 1998.

Enoch M, Syafrudin, Suhatati. Status gizi dan infeksi cacing usus di sekolah dasar di Pekalongan. Medika 1994;20(3):21-5.

Sherwood L. Fisiologi manusia: dari sel ke sistem, edisi 2. Jakarta: EGC; 2001.

Guyton AC, Hall JE. Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran, edisi 11. Jakarta: EGC; 2008.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.15384

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4139 | views : 8089

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free
web stats View My Stats