Pengaruh Suhu terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup dan Percepatan Metamorfosis Larva Kepiting Bakau (Scylla olivacea)

https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.10370

Muhammad Y. Karim(1*), Zainuddin Zainuddin(2), Siti Aslamyah(3)

(1) Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin
(2) Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin
(3) Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Kepiting bakau merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan bernilai ekonomis penting di kawasan AsiaPasifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu optimal bagi pemeliharaan larva kepiting bakau (Scylla olivacea). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BPBAP), Kecamatan Galesong, Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah larva kepiting bakau (S. olivacea) stadia zoea-1 yang ditebar dengan kepadatan 50 ekor/l dan dipelihara sampai memasuki stadia megalopa. Wadah penelitian menggunakan baskom plastik hitam berkapasitas 50 l diisi air media bersalinitas 30 ppt sebanyak 35 l yang dilengkapi dengan thermostat untuk mempertahankan suhu media percobaan. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan alami berupa rotifer dan nauplius Artemia dan pakan buatan berupa flake. Penelitian dirancang dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan mempunyai 3 ulangan. Keempat perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah perbedaan suhu media pemeliharaan larva kepiting bakau, yaitu : 26, 28, 30, dan 32oC. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa suhu media pemeliharaan berpengaruh sangat nyata (p < 0,01) pada tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan kecepatan metamorfosis larva kepiting bakau (S. olivacea). Tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi dan perubahan metamorfosis larva kepiting bakau dari zoea ke megalopa tercepat dihasilkan pada suhu 30 oC yakni 31,60% dan 17 hari, sedangkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup terendah dan perubahan metamorfosis terlama pada suhu 26 oC yakni 18,89% dan 20,67 hari.


Keywords


kelangsungan hidup, larva kepiting, metamorfosis, suhu

Full Text:

PDF


References

Baylon, J. & H. Suzuki. 2007. Effect of changes ini salinity and temperature on survival and develpment of larvae and juvenils of the crucufix crab Charybdis feriatus (Crustacea:

Decapoda:Portunidae). Aquaculture. 269:390-401.

Baylon, J.C., A.N. Failaman & E.L. Vengano. 2001. Effect of salinity on survival and metamorphosis from zoea to megalopa of the mud crab Scylla serrata Forskal (Crustacea: Portunidae). Asian Fisheries Science. 14:143-151.

Bryars, S.R. & J.N. Havenhand. 2006. Effects of constant and varying temperatures on the development of blue swimmer crab (portunus pelagicus) larvae: Laboratory observations and field predictions for temperate coastal waters. J. of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 329:218-229.

Cheng, W., C.H. Liu & C.M. Kuo. 2003. Effect of dissolved oxygen on haemolymph parameters of freshwater giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Aquaculture. 220:843-856.

Christensen, S.M., D.J. Macintosh and N. T. Phuong. 2005. Pond production of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain (Estampador) and S. olivacea (Herbst) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, using two different supplementary diets. Aqua

Res. 35:1013-1024.

Fibro, A, W. 2010. Laju pemangsaan larva kepiting bakau (Scylla sarrata) terhadap pakan alami rotifera (Brachionus sp.). Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Maros. J. Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur 139-144 p.

Gunarto & A. F. Widodo. 2012. Pengaruh perbedaan suhu air pada perkembangan larva kepiting bakau (Scylla olivacea). Prosiding Indo AquaForum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur. 281-288 p.

Hamasaki, K. 2003. Effect of temperature on the egg incubation period, survival and developmental period of larvae of the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskal) reared in the laboratory. Aquaculture. 219(1-4):561-572.

Hassan, A., T.N. Hai, A. Chatterji & M. Sukumaran. 2011. Preliminary study on the feeding regime of laboratory reared mud crab larva, Scylla serrata (Forsskal, 1775). World Applied Sciences J, 14(11):1651-1654.

Hoang, D.D. 1999. Preliminary studies on rearing the larvae of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) in South Vietnam, dalam Keenan, C.P. and A. Blackshaw (Eds.). Mud crab aquaculture and biology. Australia, 21-24 April 1997. Proceedings of an International Scientific Forum Darwin,

-152 p.

Ikhwanuddin, M., M.N. Azra, M.A.D. Talpur, A.B. Abol-Munafi & M.L. Shabdin. 2012. Optimal water temperature and salinity for production of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus 1st

day juvenile crab. Aquaculture, Aquaculture, Conservation & Legislation. 5(1):4-8.

Jantrarotai, P., K. Taweechuer & P. Pripanapong. 2002. Salinity levels on survival rate and development of mud crab (Scylla olivacea) from zoea to megalopa and from megalopa to crab stage. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.). 36:278-284.

Karim, M. Y. 2013. Kepiting bakau (bioekologi, budidaya dan pembenihannya). Penerbit Yarsif Watampone, Jakarta. 120 p.

Li, S., C. Zeng. H. Tang, G. Wang & Q. Lin. 1999. Investigations into the reproductive and larval culture biology of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain: A research overview. In Keenan,

C.P., and Blackshaw, A. (Eds). Mud crab aquaculture and biology. ACIAR Proceedings, 78:121-124.

Mardjono, M., Anindiastuti, N. Hamid, I. S. Djunaidah & W.H. Satyantani, 1994. Pedoman Pembenihan Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata). Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan, Balai Budidaya Air Payau, Jepara. 40 p.

Nguyen, C.T. & Q.T. Truong. 2004. Effect of Salinity and Food Types on the Development of Fertilized Eggs and Zoea Larvae of Mud Crab (Scylla paramamosain). In G. Allan and D. Fielder (Eds.). Mud Crab Aquaculture in Australia and

Southeast Asia. ACIAR Working Paper No. 54:47-52.

Nurdiani, R. & C. Zeng. 2007. Effects of Temperature and Salinity on The Survival and Development of Mud Crab, Scylla serrata (Forsskål). Larvae. Aquaculture Research. 38(14):1529-1538.

Reiber, C. & G.F. Birchard. 1993. Effect of temperature on metabolism and hemolymph pH in the Crab Stoliczia abotti. J. Therm. Biol. 18(1):45-92

Romano, N. & C. Zeng. 2006. The effects of salinity on the survival, growth and haemolymph osmolality of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs, Portunus pelagicus. Aquaculture. 260:151-162.

Ruscoe, I.M., G. R. Williams & C. C. Shelley. 2004. Limiting the use of rotifers to the first zoeal stage in mud crab (Scylla serrata Forskal) Larval Rearing. Aquaculture. 231:517-527.

Rusdi, I. 2007. Peningkatan Sintasan Larva Kepiting Bakau (Scylla olivacea) Melalui Optimalisasi Salinitas. Tesis. Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. 66 p. (Tidak

dipublikasikan).

Steel, R.G.D. & J.H. Torrie. 1993. Prinsip dan prosedur statistika. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta. 748 p.

Suprayudi, M.A., T. Takeuchi, K. Hamazaki & J. Hirokawa. 2007. Effect of Artemia feeding schedule and density on the survival and development of larval mud crab Scylla serrata.

Fisheries Science. 68(6):1295-1303.

Susanto, B., I. Setyadi, M. Marzuqi, M. Syahidah & I. Rusdi. 2003. Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Sintasan Benih Rajungan Portunus sp. Laporan Teknisi Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut,

Gondol Bali.

Thirunavukkarasu, N., C.S.A. Nesakumari & A. Shanmugam. 2014. Larval rearing and seed production of mud crab Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798). International Journal of

Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 2(2):19-25.

Truong, T.N., W. Mathieu, C.B. Tran, P.T. Hoang, V.D. Nguyen & P. Sorgeloos. 2007. Improved techniques for rearing mud crab Scylla paramamosain (Estampador 1949) larvae. Aquaculture Research. 8(14):1539-1553.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.10370

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 5324 | views : 12914

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Fisheries Sciences



Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada (print ISSN 0853-6384; online ISSN 2502-5066) is published by Department of Fisheries, Universitas Gadjah Mada in collaboration with Semnaskan UGM (Seminar Nasional Tahunan Hasil Perikanan dan Kelautan) and ISMFR (International Symposium on Marine and Fisheries Research).

 

View My Stats