Karakteristik limbah dan dampaknya bagi kesehatan pembatik di Lendah, Kulon Progo

https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.42250

Suhartini - suhartini(1*), Sri Awalia Febriani(2), IBG. Surya Putra Pidada(3), Hendro Widagdo(4), Martiana Suciningtyas(5), Yudha Nurhantari(6), Dewanto Yusuf Priyambodo(7), Agus Surono(8), Roto Roto(9), Geraldine Nadita Putri Kinasih(10), Pramudji Hastuti(11), Sri Sutarni(12)

(1) Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Departemen Dermatologi dan Venereologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(5) Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(6) Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(7) Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(8) Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan THT-KL, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(9) Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(10) Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(11) Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(12) Departemen Ilmu Syaraf, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Synthetic batik coloring often uses heavy metals element such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr),silica (Si), and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The exposure of heavy metals in long period results in health impair on the artisans and eventually harming the environment. The purpose of this research is to analyze the waste characteristics and health impact towards the artisans in the Lendah, Kulon Progo. Seventy-six batik artisan, consisting of 37 from SB, 20 from FA, and 19 from SA underwent 5 ml blood sampling. The samples were used to determine their hemoglobin (Hb) level, packed cell volume (PCV), blood sugar, and total cholesterol. Blood plasma and wastewater were examined for Pb and Cr using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method; Si using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS); and Cl- using spectrophotometry. Respondents underwent health checks and were interviewed about the impact of waste and disease complaints experienced using a questionnaire. Cognitive disorders were examined using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and peripheral neuropathy was assessed using diabetic neuropathy symptom (DNS) score. The results obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and t-test. Correlation test was used to examine the relationship of Pb and Cr with cognitive disorders. Total cholesterol levels and blood sugar were analyzed descriptively. There is no difference in knowledge about waste in batik makers in SB, FA, and SA. The level of Pb, Cr, and Cl- within the three production centers showed no significant difference (p > 0,05), whilst Si level showed significant difference between centers (p < 0,05). There is no correlation between Pb and Cr blood levels with cognitive impairing according to MMSE and occurence of peripheral neuropathy according to DNS score (p > 0.05). Normal cholesterol levels (< 200mg/dL) andnormal blood glucose levels (< 200 mg/dL) were observed in 70.0-80.5% and 85.0-95.1% batik artisans, respectively. Si levels in all three production centers’ waste shows significant difference. The most frequent complaint was back pain and dizziness. There is no correlation caused by Pb and Cr levels toward cognitive impairing. Cholesterol level in batik artisans tended to be high.

Keywords


batik artisan; chloride; chromium; lead; silica

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Pahlevy N, Sudiarso A. Analisis Kelayakan Batik Cap Pewarna Campuran (Alami-Sintesis) (Studi Kasus di Batik Yoga, Gulurejo, Lendah, Kulon Progo) [Thesis]. Yogyakarta; Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2016.
  2. Susilo EG, Rijanta R. Kajian Implementasi “Bela-beli Kulon Progo”(Kasus: Air-ku, Batik Geblek Renteng, dan Tomira). Jurnal Bumi Indonesia. 2017;6(3).
  3. Riwayati I, Hartati I, Purwanto H, Kimia ST. Adsorpsi Logam Berat Timbal Dan Kadmium Pada Limbah Batik Menggunakan Biosorben Pulpa Kopi Terxanthasi. InProdising Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Sains & Teknologi (SNAST) 2014 2014 (pp. 1-8).
  4. Sasongko DP, Tresna WP. Identifikasi unsur dan kadar logam berat pada limbah pewarna batik dengan metode analisis pengaktifan neutron. Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi TELAAH. 2010;27:22-7.
  5. Mason LH, Harp JP, Han DY. Pb neurotoxicity: neuropsychological effects of lead toxicity. BioMed research international. 2014;2014.
  6. Chen P, Miah MR, Aschner M. Metals and neurodegeneration. F1000Research. 2016;5.
  7. Velickova N, Kamcev N. Genotoxicological effects of heavy metals on humans cells. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2014;2(4):71-3.
  8. Naja GM, Volesky B. Toxicity and sources of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, As, and radionuclides in the environment. Heavy metals in the environment. 2009 Jun 23;8.
  9. Burk RF, Prasad AS, Oberleas D. Trace elements in human health and disease. Vol. II, Academic Press, New York. 1976:105.
  10. Rao DL. Heavy metals causing toxicity in humans, animals and environment. JCHPS. 2014;3:172-4.
  11. Ilmiawati C, Reza M, Russilawati R. Edukasi Pencegahan Penyakit Paru Akibat Paparan Debu Silika pada Pengrajin Batu Akik di Kota Padang. LOGISTA-Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. 2017 Jun 30;1(1):1-0.
  12. Yuarsa TA. Pengaruh Debu Vulkanik Pada Erupsi Gunung Berapi Diy Terhadap Kesehatan Paru. Jurnalis: Jurnal Lingkungan dan Sipil. 2019 Mar 15;2(1):51-64.
  13. Hastuti P, Sunarti S, Prasetyastuti P, Ngadikun N, Tasmini T, Rubi DS, Sutarni S, Harahap IK, Dananjoyo K, Suhartini S, Pidada IB. Hubungan timbal dan krom pada pemakaian pewarna batik dengan kadar hemoglobin dan packed cell volume pada pengrajin batik di Kecamatan Lendah Kulon Progo. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health.2018;1(1):28-35.
  14. American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes—2018. Diabetes care. 2018 Jan 1;41(Supplement 1):S13-27.
  15. Grundy SM, Stone NJ. Cholesterol clinical practice Guidelines AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2018(Nov).
  16. Hernandez-Vila E. A review of the JNC 8 blood pressure guideline. Texas Heart Institute Journal. 2015 Jun;42(3):226-8.
  17. Harahap HS, Rianawati SB. The Profile of Cognitive Function Of Patients Hiv/Aids In Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang Hospital. Malang Neurology Journal. 2015 Jan 1;1(1):1-6.
  18. Ong PA, Rambe AS, Widjojo FS, Laksmidewi AA. Panduan Praktik Klinik Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Demensia. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia. 2015.
  19. Mochammad I, Sutarni S, Dahlan P. Korelasi antara Kadar Timbal Dalam Darah dengan Neuropati Perifer pada Petugas Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar untuk Umum [Doctoral dissertation]. Yogyakarta; Universitas Gadjah Mada;2012.
  20. Meijer, J.W.G., Smit, A.J., Sonderen, E.V., Groothoff, J.W., Eisma, W.H. and Links, T.P., 2002. Symptom scoring systems to diagnose distal polyneuropathy in diabetes: the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom score. Diabetic Medicine, 19(11), pp.962-965.
  21. Meijer JW, van Sonderen E, Blaauwwiekel EE, Smit AJ, Groothoff JW, Eisma WH, Links TP. Diabetic neuropathy examination: a hierarchical scoring system to diagnose distal polyneuropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000 Jun 1;23(6):750-3.
  22. Harbani N, Sutarni S, Wibowo S. Korelasi antara Kadar Plumbum dalam Darah dengan Neuropati Perifer pada Petugas Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum Kotamadya Yogyakarta [Doctoral dissertation]. Yogyakarta; Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2012.
  23. Green B, Griffiths E, Almond S. Neuropsychiatric symptoms following metal-on-metal implant failure with cobalt and chromium toxicity. BMC psychiatry. 2017 Dec;17(1):33.
  24. Shobha N, Taly AB, Sinha S, Venkatesh T. Radial neuropathy due to occupational lead exposure: Phenotypic and electrophysiological characteristics of five patients. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2009 Apr;12(2):111.
  25. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Very High Blood Lead Levels Among Adults — United States, 2002–2011 [Internet]. Cdc.gov; 2018 [diakses pada 22 Oktober 2018]. Tersedia di: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6247a6.htm
  26. Kitamura F, Yokoyama K, Araki S, Nishikitani M, Choi JW, Yum YT, Park HC, Park SH, Sato H. Increase of olfactory threshold in plating factory workers exposed to chromium in Korea. Industrial health. 2003;41(3):279-85.
  27. Kim HY, Lee SB, Jang BS. Subchronic inhalation toxicity of soluble hexavalent chromium trioxide in rats. Archives of toxicology. 2004 Jul 1;78(7):363-8.
  28. Derelanko MJ, Rinehart WE, Hilaski RJ, Thompson RB, Löser E. Thirteen-week subchronic rat inhalation toxicity study with a recovery phase of trivalent chromium compounds, chromic oxide, and basic chromium sulfate. Toxicological sciences: an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 1999 Dec 1;52(2):278-88.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.42250

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2227 | views : 2714

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Community Empowerment for Health

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.