Spatial and Temporal Analysis of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov) Cases in Selangor, Malaysia

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.73633

Norezuan Abdul Abdul Gani(1), Nazri Che Dom(2*), Rahmat Dapari(3), Nopadol Precha(4)

(1) Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia
(2) Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia and Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
(3) Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
(4) Department of Environmental Health Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Thailand
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak devastation on public health systems worldwide, particularly in Selangor, Malaysia, COVID-19 was reported from October 2020 to October 2021 at prevalent rate. In order to control and prevent the spread of this pandemic, which is already underway, there is need to comprehend the spatial dimension of this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of COVID-19 virus transmission in the state of Selangor. Methods: Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), and the Moran’s Index (MI), spatial distribution of COVID-19 across the entire mukim was mapped and spatial statistical analysis was carried out with indications of local spatial correlations. Results: The finding revealed that the clusters were concentrated in the western and southern regions (Global Moran's I = 0.468, p = 0.05, Z = 7.01) of the state of Selangor, thus, this research provides important information on the regional distribution and temporal dynamics of COVID-19. Conclusion: An assessment of COVID-19's geographic spread can help enhance health care programs and resource allocation in Malaysia, specifically Selangor where the COVID-19 is pandemic.


Full Text:

PDF


References

Abd Rasid, A. S. B., Dom, N. C., Abdullah, S., & Salim, H. (2021). Population Density as a Factor in the Spread of Covid-19 Cases in Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 7-13.

Alcantara E. Mantovani J. Rotta L. Park E. Rodrigues T. Campos Carvalho F. Roberto Souza Filho C. (2020). Investigating spatiotemporal patterns of the COVID-19 in Sao Paulo State. Brazil. Geospatial Health. 2020 Nov 26;15(2), DOI: 10.4081/gh.2020.925.

Bischoff WE. Swett K. Leng I. Peters TR. (2013). Exposure to Influenza Virus Aerosols During Routine Patient Care. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 207, 1037–1046, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis773.

Brohan, M. A., Dom, N. C., Ishak, A. R., Abdullah, S., Salim, H., Ismail, S. N. S., & Precha, N. (2021). An analysis on the effect of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic movement control order (MCOS) on the solid waste generation in Peninsular Malaysia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(46), 66501-66509.

Chen H. Guo J. Wang C. Luo F. Yu X. Zhang W. Li J. Zhao D. Xu D. Gong Q. Liao J. Yang H. Hou W. Zhang Y. (2020). Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020 Mar 7;395(10226):809-815, DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3.

Chu J. (2021). A statistical analysis of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Italy and Spain. PLoS One. 2021 Mar 25;16(3):e0249037, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249037.

Chung PC & Chan TC. (2021). Impact of physical distancing policy on reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 globally: Perspective from government’s response and residents’ compliance. PLOS ONE 16, e0255873, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255873.

Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2020). Population Distribution and Basic Demographic Characteristics Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal 2021. Available at: https://www.dosm.gov.my [accessed on 1 December 2021].

Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2021). DOSM Statsgeoportal. Available at: https:// statsgeo.mycensus.gov.my/geostats/mapv2.php [accessed on 30 October 2021].

Han Y. Yang L. Jia K. Li J. Feng S. Chen W. Zhao W. Pereira P. (2021). Spatial distribution characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing and its relationship with environmental factors. Science of The Total Environment 761.144257, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144257.

He X. Lau EHY. Wu P. Deng X. Wang J. Hao X. Lau YC. Wong JY. Guan Y. Tan X. Mo X. Chen Y. Liao B. Chen W. Hu F. Zhang Q. Zhong M. Wu Y. Zhao L. Zhang F. Cowling BJ. Li F. Leung GM. (2020). Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020 May;26(5):672-675, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5.

Lauer SA. Grantz KH. Bi Q. Jones FK. Zheng Q. Meredith HR. Azman AS. Reich NG. Lessler J. (2020). The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med. 2020 May 5;172(9):577-582, DOI: 10.7326/M20-0504.

Leung NHL. (2021). Transmissibility and transmission of respiratory viruses. Nature Reviews Microbiology 19, 528–545, DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00535-6.

Li Q. Guan X. Wu P. Wang X. Zhou L. Tong Y. Ren R. Leung KSM. Lau EHY. Wong JY. Xing X. Xiang N. Wu Y. Li C. Chen Q. Li D. Liu T. Zhao J. Liu M. Tu W. Chen C. Jin L. Yang R. Wang Q. Zhou S. Wang R. Liu H. Luo Y. Liu Y. Shao G. Li H. Tao Z. Yang Y. Deng Z. Liu B. Ma Z. Zhang Y. Shi G. Lam TTY. Wu JT. Gao GF. Cowling BJ. Yang B. Leung GM. Feng Z. (2020). Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan. China. of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 26;382(13):1199-1207, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.

Mackenzie JS. and Smith DW. (2020). COVID-19: a novel zoonotic disease caused by a coronavirus from China: what we know and what we don't. Microbiology Australia. 2020; MA20013, DOI:10.1071/MA20013.

Moran P. (1948). The Interpretation of Statistical Maps. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 10, 243-251.

Murti M. Achonu C. Smith BT. (2021). COVID-19 Workplace Outbreaks by Industry Sector and Their Associated Household Transmission, Ontario, Canada, January to June, 2020. J Occup Environ Med. 2021;63(7):574-580, DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002201.

Neiderud CJ. (2015). How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases. Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2015;5:27060, DOI:10.3402/iee.v5.27060.

Nwagbara UI. Osual EC. Chireshe R. Bolarinwa OA. Saeed BQ. Khuzwayo N. Hlongwana KW. (2021). Knowledge attitude perception and preventative practices towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. PLOS ONE 16 e0249853, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249853.

Rahim, M. H., Dom, N. C., Ismail, S. N. S., Abd Mulud, Z., Abdullah, S., & Pradhan, B. (2021). The impact of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic movement control order (MCO) on dengue cases in Peninsular Malaysia. One Health, 12, 100222.

Rocklov J. and Sjodin H. (2020). High population densities catalyse the spread of COVID-19. Journal of Travel Medicine 27, DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa038.

Sarkodie SA. and Owusu. PA. (2021). Global assessment of environment. health and economic impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Environment. Development and Sustainability (2021) 23:5005–5015), DOI:10.1007/s10668-020-00801-2.

Suhaila J. Deni SM. Zin WZW. and Jemain AA. (2010). Trends in Peninsular Malaysia Rainfall Data during the Southwest Monsoon and Northeast Monsoon Seasons: 1975-2004. Sains Malaysian, 39, 533-542.

WHO (World Health Organisation) (2020). Scientific Brief: SARS-CoV-2 Transmission. (2020, July 9). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570442.

WHO (World Health Organisation) (2020). Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses. [Accessed on December 18, 2021].

Xu XW. Wu XX. Jiang XG. Xu KJ. Ying LJ. Ma CL. Li SB. Wang HY. Zhang S. Gao HN. Sheng JF. Cai HL. Qiu YQ. Li LJ. (2020). Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan. China: retrospective case series. BMJ. 2020 Feb 19;368:m606, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m606.

Yu P. Zhu J. Zhang Z. Han Y. (2020). A Familial Cluster of Infection Associated with the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Indicating Possible Person-to-Person Transmission During the Incubation Period. J Infect Dis. 2020 May 11;221(11):1757-1761, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa077.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.73633

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1099 | views : 543

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2023 Norezuan Abdul Abdul Gani, Nazri Che Dom, Rahmat Dapari, Nopadol Precha

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Accredited Journal, Based on Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia Number 225/E/KPT/2022, Vol 54 No 1 the Year 2022 - Vol 58 No 2 the Year 2026 (accreditation certificate download)

ISSN 2354-9114 (online), ISSN 0024-9521 (print)

Web
Analytics IJG STATISTIC