Socioemotional Wealth and Firms’ Control: Evidence from Malaysian Chinese Owned Companies

Chin Fei Goh, Amran Rasli, Owee Kowang Tan, Sang Long Choi
(Submitted 18 December 2015)
(Published 18 December 2015)

Abstract


This paper explores how the preservation of socioemotional wealth can be manifested in the control and corporate governance of Malaysian Chinese firms. Using panel data from the Industrial Products index of the Bursa Malaysia (the Malaysian stock exchange) during 2003-2006, we show that the ingrained ‘life-raft values’ among overseas Chinese entrepreneurs can be associated with the preservation of their socioemotional wealth, and thus they prioritize control over their firms. Additionally, we confirm the monitoring role of non-dominant large shareholders in reducing the families’ influence in managing and enhancing their firms’ performance. Specifically, control contestability exercised by the non-dominant large shareholders mediates the relationship between a family’s involvement in management and their firm’s performance.

Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.22146/gamaijb.8504

References


Adams, R. B., B. E. Hermalin, and M. S. Weisbach. 2010. The role of boards of directors in corporate governance: A conceptual framework and survey. Journal of Economic Literature 48 (1): 58-107.

Attig, N., S. El Ghoul, and O. Guedhami. 2009. Do multiple large shareholders play a corporate governance role? Evidence from East Asia. Journal of Financial Research 32 (4): 395-422.

Au, K., and H. K. Kwan. 2009. Start-up capital and Chinese entrepreneurs: The role of family. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33 (4): 889-908.

Azim, M.I. 2012. Corporate governance mechanisms and their impact on company performance: A structural equation model analysis. Australian Journal of Management 37 (3): 481-505.

Baron, R.M., and D.A. Kenny. 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology 51 (6): 1173-1182.

Berrone, P., C. Cruz, and L.R. Gomez-Mejia. 2012. Socioemotional wealth in family firms: Theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review 25 (3): 258-279.

Berthelot, S., C. Francoeur, and R. Labelle. 2012. Corporate governance mechanisms, accounting results and stock valuation in Canada. International Journal of Managerial Finance 8 (4): 332-343.

Bertrand, M., and A. Schoar. 2006. The role of family in family firms. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 20 (2): 73-96.

Burkart, M., D. Gromb, and F. Panunzi. 1998. Why higher takeover premia protect minority shareholders. Journal of Political Economy 106 (1): 172-204.

Business, T. 2013. Bright packaging showdown to take place today. 21 Feb, available at: http://www.btimes.com.my/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/BPI20/Article/ (accessed 1 March 2013).

Carney, M., and E. Gedajlovic. 2002. The co-evolution of institutional environments and organizational strategies: The rise of family business groups in the ASEAN region. Organization Studies 23 (1): 1-29.

Carney, R. W., and T. B. Child. 2013. Changes to the ownership and control of East Asian corporations between 1996 and 2008: The primacy of politics. Journal of Financial Economics 107 (2): 494-513.

Chen, D., M. Jian, and M. Xu. 2009. Dividends for tunneling in a regulated economy: The case of China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 17 (2): 209-223.

Chen, V., J. Li, and D. Shapiro. 2011. Are OECD-prescribed “good corporate governance practices” really good in an emerging economy? Asia Pacific Journal of Management 28 (1): 115-138.

Cheng, S. 2008. Board size and the variability of corporate performance. Journal of Financial Economics 87 (1): 157-176.

Chin, W.W. 2010. How to write up and report PLS analyses. Handbook of Partial Least Squares (pp. 655-690). Heidelberg: Springer Berlin.

Claessens, S., and J. P. H. Fan. 2002. Corporate governance in Asia: A survey. International Review of Finance 3 (2): 71-103.

Claessens, S., D. Simeon, J. P. H. Fan, and L. H. P. Lang. 2002. Disentangling the incentive and entrenchment effects of large shareholdings. The Journal of Finance 57 (6): 2741-2771.

Daily, C. M., and J. L. Johnson. 1997. Sources of CEO power and firm financial performance: A longitudinal assessment. Journal of Management 23 (2): 97-117.

Demsetz, H., and K. Lehn. 1985. The structure of corporate ownership: Causes and consequences. The Journal of Political Economy 93 (6): 1155-1177.

Diamantopoulos, A., M. Sarstedt, C. Fuchs, P. Wilczynski, and S. Kaiser. 2012. Guidelines for choosing between multi-item and single-item scales for construct measurement: A predictive validity perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 40 (3): 434-449.

Dyer, W. G. 2003. The family: The missing variable in organizational research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 27 (4): 401-416.

Finkelstein, S. 1992. Power in top management teams: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. The Academy of Management Journal 35 (3): 505-538.

Friedman, E., S. Johnson, and T. Mitton. 2003. Propping and tunneling. Journal of Comparative Economics 31 (4): 732-750.

Gassen, J. (2014). Causal inference in empirical archival financial accounting research. Accounting, Organizations and Society 39 (7): 535-544.

Goh, C.F., S.-U.-R. Khan, and A. Rasli. 2014. CEO duality, board independence, corporate governance and firm performance in family firms: Evidence from the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. Asian Business & Management 13 (4): 333-357.

Gomez-Mejia, L.R., C. Cruz, P. Berrone, and J. De Castro. 2011. The bind that ties: Socioemotional wealth preservation in family firms. The Academy of Management Annals 5 (1): 653-707.

Gómez-Mejía, L.R., K.T. Haynes, M. Núñez-Nickel, K.J.L. Jacobson, and J. Moyano-Fuentes. 2007. Socioemotional wealth and business risks in family-controlled firms: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly 52 (1): 106-137.

Gomez-Mejia, L.R., M. Larraza-Kintana, and M. Makri. 2003. The determinants of executive compensation in family-controlled public corporations. The Academy of Management Journal 46 (2): 226-237.

Gomez, E.T. 2009. The rise and fall of capital: Corporate Malaysia in historical perspective. Journal of Contemporary Asia 39 (3): 345-381.

Grosfeld, I. 2009. Large shareholders and firm value: Are high-tech firms different? Economic Systems 33 (3): 259-277.

Gutierrez, L.H., and C. Pombo. 2009. Corporate ownership and control contestability in emerging markets: The case of Colombia. Journal of Economics and Business 61 (2): 112-139.

Hair, J.F., C.M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt. 2011. PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 19 (2): 139-152.

He, J., and H. C. Wang. 2009. Innovative knowledge assets and economic performance: The asymmetric roles of incentives and monitoring. The Academy of Management Journal 52 (5): 919-938.

Jiang, Y., and M. Peng. 2011. Principal-principal conflicts during crisis. Asia Pacific Journal of Management 28 (4): 683-695.

Johnson, R.A., and D.W. Greening. 1999. The effects of corporate governance and institutional ownership types on corporate social performance. The Academy of Management Journal 42 (5): 564-576.

Jones, C.D., M. Makri, and L.R. Gomez-Mejia. 2008. Affiliate directors and perceived risk bearing in publicly traded, family-controlled firms: The case of diversification. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32 (6): 1007-1026.

Kao, J. 1993. The worldwide web of Chinese business. Harvard business review 71 (2): 24-33.

King, T.-H.D., and M.-M. Wen. 2011. Shareholder governance, bondholder governance, and managerial risk-taking. Journal of Banking & Finance 35 (3): 512-531.

Kor, Y.Y. 2006. Direct and interaction effects of top management team and board compositions on R&D investment strategy. Strategic Management Journal 27 (11): 1081-1099.

Kowalewski, O., O. Talavera, and I. Stetsyuk. 2010. Influence of family involvement in management and ownership on firm performance: Evidence from Poland. Family Business Review 23 (1): 45-59.

La Porta, R., F. Lopez-de-Silanes, A. Shleifer, and R. Vishny. 2002. Investor protection and corporate valuation. Journal of Finance LVII (3): 1147-1170.

Le, S.A., B. Walters, and M. Kroll. 2006. The moderating effects of external monitors on the relationship between R&D spending and firm performance. Journal of Business Research 59 (2): 278-287.

Li, J., K. Lam, G. Qian, and Y. Fang. 2006. The effects of institutional ownership on corporate governance and performance: An empirical assessment in Hong Kong. Management International Review 46 (3): 259-276.

Liew, C.Y., F.A. Samad, S.a. Munir, and E. Alfan. 2011. Expropriation-related variables & firm performance: Evidence from Malaysian family firms. available at: http: //ssrn.com/abstract=1874592 or http: //dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1874592 (accessed 12 April 2012).

Liew, P.K. 2007. Corporate governance reforms in Malaysia: The key leading players’ perspectives. Corporate Governance: An International Review 15 (5): 724-740.

Lin, Y.-F. 2005. Corporate governance, leadership structure and CEO compensation: Evidence from Taiwan. Corporate Governance: An International Review 13 (6): 824-835.

Luo, J-h., D-f. Wan, D. Cai, and H. Liu. 2013. Multiple large shareholder structure and governance: The role of shareholder numbers, contest for control, and formal institutions in chinese family firms. Management and Organization Review 9 (2): 265-294.

Mace, M. L. 1972. The president and the board of directors. Harvard Business Review 50 (2): 37-49.

Miller, D., I. Le Breton-Miller, and R.H. Lester. 2011. Family and lone founder ownership and strategic behaviour: Social context, identity, and institutional logics. Journal of Management Studies 48 (1): 1-25.

Peng, M. W. 2004. Outside directors and firm performance during institutional transitions. Strategic Management Journal 25 (5): 453-471.

Peng, M. W., and Y. Jiang. 2010. Institutions behind family ownership and control in large firms. Journal of Management Studies 47 (2): 253-273.

Porta, R. L., F. Lopez-de-Silanes, and A. Shleifer. 1999. Corporate ownership around the world. The Journal of Finance 54 (2): 471-517.

Porta, R. L., F. L-d. Silanes, A. Shleifer, and R.W. Vishny. 1998. Law and finance. Journal of Political Economy 106 (6): 1113-1155.

Ringle, C., S. Wende, and A. Will. 2005. Smartpls 2.0. In University of Hamburg.

Saffi, P. A. C., and K. Sigurdsson. 2011. Price efficiency and short selling. Review of Financial Studies 24 (3): 821-852.

Schulze, W. S., and E. R. Gedajlovic. 2010. Whither family business? Journal of Management Studies 47 (2): 191-204.

Shanker, M. C., and J. H. Astrachan. 1996. Myths and realities: Family businesses’ contribution to the US economy— a framework for assessing family business statistics. Family Business Review 9 (2): 107-123.

Shleifer, A., and R. W. Vishny. 1986. Large shareholders and corporate control. Journal of Political Economy 94 (3): 461-488.

Siebels, J.-F., and D. zu Knyphausen-Aufseß. 2012. A review of theory in family business research: The implications for corporate governance. International Journal of Management Reviews 14 (3): 280-304.

Sirmon, D. G., and M. A. Hitt. 2003. Managing resources: Linking unique resources, management, and wealth creation in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 27 (4): 339-358.

Tam, O. K., and M.G-S. Tan. 2007. Ownership, governance and firm performance in Malaysia. Corporate Governance: An International Review 15 (2): 208-222.

Wahab, E. A. A., H. Haron, C. L. Lok, and S. Yahya. 2011. Does corporate governance matter? Evidence from related party transactions in Malaysia. In International corporate governance (advances in financial economics), edited by J. Kose, M. Anil and P. F. Stephen. United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Wijaya, Y. 2008. The prospect of familism in the global era: A study on the recent development of the ethnic-Chinese business, with particular attention to the Indonesian context. Journal of Business Ethics 79 (3): 311-317.

Yasuda, N. 1991. Malaysian’s new economic policy and the industrial co-ordination act. The Developing Economies 29 (4): 330-349.

Yeung, H. W-c. 1999. Under siegs? Economic globalization and Chinese business in Southeast asia. Economy and Society 28 (1): 1-29.

Young, M. N., M. W. Peng, D. Ahlstrom, G.D. Bruton, and Y. Jiang. 2008. Corporate governance in emerging economies: A review of the principal–principal perspective. Journal of Management Studies 45 (1): 196-220.

Zellweger, T. M., F. W. Kellermanns, J. J. Chrisman, and J. H. Chua. 2012. Family control and family firm valuation by family CEOs: The importance of intentions for transgenerational control. Organization Science 23 (3): 851-868.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2015 Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.