Karakteristik dan Hasil Terapi Penderita Skizofrenia Studi Berbasis Rumah Sakit di RSK Puri Nirmala Yogyakarta

Abstract

Background: It is approximately that the prevalence of schizophrenia in Indonesia is 1% out of total population. Within the total population of 205 million, the number of schizophrenia cases in Indonesia is 2 million.This number should be considered as the burden of disease impact on the whole family and its environment, not only the patient itself.

Objectives: To know the demographic characteristics of schizophrenia among Puri Nirmala Mental Hospital in-patients, to assess the efficacy of therapy on decreasing positive and negative symptoms manifested by Schizophrenia patients; and to assess the contribution of demographic characteristics and treatments toward decreasing symptoms.

Methods: A hospital based retrospective study cohort was used as the design of this study. Samples of this study were 750 Puri Nirmala Mental Hospital in-patients from January 2000 to December 2002. Samples were chosen based on schizophrenia diagnosis established by Psychiatrists based on PPDGJ III. Outcome variable is the absence of negative and positive symptoms, whereas study factors are demographic and treatments variables. Descriptive analysis, paired t-test and logistic regression were used for data analysis.

Results: Subjects mostly males (63.3%), living in Yogyakarta province (69,5%), age 21-30 years old (42,3%), high school educations (50,7%), and jobless (68,9%). There was a significantly statistics difference of the positive and negative symptoms before and after treatment manifested among subjects. Jobless, less visit, and both treatments (pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy added with electrical convulsion therapy (ECT) were associated with the decreasing of positive and negative symptoms.

Conclussion: Treatments with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy added with ECT are effective for decreasing positive and negative symptoms manifested of Schizophrenia patients.

Keywords: Schizophrenia; Demographic-factor; Pharmacotherapy; Treatment; Electrical-convulsion-therapy