Evaluasi penggunaan biofilter anaerob-aerob untuk meningkatkan kualitas air limbah rumah sakit

https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.35092

Nurfitria Hariyani(1*), Sarto Sarto(2)

(1) Departemen Perilaku Kesehatan, Lingkungan, dan Kedokteran Sosial, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Evaluating the use of anaerobic-aerobic biofilter to increase the quality of hospital wastewater 

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the anaerobe-aerobic biofilter systems effectiveness to treating parameters that are affected by the existing units. Methods: This study was conducted with quasi-experimental pretest-posttest approach. Sampling was done in peak hour, intermediate, and minimum wastewater discharge The data analysis used a comparison of quality standards and used the effectiveness level of wastewater treatment through the established formula. Results: The results showed that anaerobic-aerobic biofilter was highly effective in treating total coliform at peak discharge (99.9%), intermediate discharge (83.80%), minimum discharge (99.9%) and effective in processing COD parameters 70.13% at intermediate, and 74.60% minimum discharge. The results also showed anaerobic-aerobic biofilter was quite effective in treating BOD (54.59%) and TSS (50%) and less effective phosphate (40.7%). Data analysis showed that the results of wastewater treatment of provincial hospital in West Nusa Tenggara have met the established quality standards. Conclusion: An anaerobic-aerobic biofilter is effective to increase hospital wastewater to reduce environmental pollution. The impact of this processing will reduce environmental pollution.

Abstrak

Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan sistem biofilter anaerob-aerob terkait efektivitas dalam mengolah parameter yang dipengaruhi oleh unit yang ada. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experimental dengan menggunakan pendekatan pre-test dan post-test. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada saat debit puncak, menengah, dan minimum air limbah. Analisis data menggunakan perbandingan baku mutu dan menggunakan tingkat efektivitas IPAL melalui rumus yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan biofilter anaerob-aerob sangat efektif mengolah total koliform pada debit puncak (99,9%), debit menengah (83,80%), debit minimum (99,9%) dan efektif dalam mengolah parameter COD 70,13% pada debit menengah, dan 74,60% debit minimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan biofilter anaerob-aerob cukup efektif dalam mengolah BOD (54,59%) dan TSS (50%) dan kurang efektif mengolah fosfat (40,7%). Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa hasil pengolahan air limbah rumah sakit provinsi NTB telah memenuhi baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan. Simpulan: Biofilter anaerob-aerob efektif meningkatkan kualitas air limbah rumah sakit. Dampak dari proses pengolahan ini akan  mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. 


Keywords


wastewater; anaerob-aerob biofilter; hospital; chemical oxygen demand (COD); total coliform



References

  1. Dorevitch S. Public Health Approaches to Preventing Outbreaks of Gastrointestinal Infection Linked to Karst Systems. Karst Groundwater Contamination and Public Health. Springer, Cham; 2018. p. 177–183.
  2. Rodríguez-Tapia L, Morales-Novelo JA. Bacterial Pollution in River Waters and Gastrointestinal Diseases. International journal of environmental research and public health. [Online] 2017;14(5). Available from: doi:10.3390/ijerph14050479
  3. Delgado-Gardea MCE, Tamez-Guerra P, Gomez-Flores R, Zavala-Díaz de la Serna FJ, Eroza-de la Vega G, Nevárez-Moorillón GV, et al. Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Surface Water in Bassaseachic Falls National Park, Mexico. International journal of environmental research and public health. [Online] 2016;13(6). Available from: doi:10.3390/ijerph13060597
  4. Karthikeyan S, Kumar MA, Maharaja P, Partheeban T, Sridevi J, Sekaran G. Process optimization for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater catalyzed by poly sulpha sponge. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2014;45(4): 1739–1747.
  5. Al-Jassim N, Ansari MI, Harb M, Hong P-Y. Removal of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic resistance genes by conventional wastewater treatment processes in Saudi Arabia: Is the treated wastewater safe to reuse for agricultural irrigation? Water research. 2015;73: 277–290.
  6. Verlicchi P, Al Aukidy M, Zambello E. What have we learned from worldwide experiences on the management and treatment of hospital effluent? — An overview and a discussion on perspectives. The Science of the total environment. 2015;514: 467–491.
  7. Sudbrock F, Schomäcker K, Drzezga A. The effectiveness of wastewater treatment in nuclear medicine: Performance data and radioecological considerations. Journal of environmental radioactivity. 2017;166: 202–207.
  8. Habte Lemji H, Lemji HH, Eckstädt H. A pilot scale trickling filter with pebble gravel as media and its performance to remove chemical oxygen demand from synthetic brewery wastewater. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B. 2013;14(10): 924–933.
  9. Yamashita T, Yamamoto-Ikemoto R. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater treatment plant effluent via bacterial sulfate reduction in an anoxic bioreactor packed with wood and iron. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2014;11(9): 9835–9853.
  10. Rattier M, Reungoat J, Keller J, Gernjak W. Removal of micropollutants during tertiary wastewater treatment by biofiltration: Role of nitrifiers and removal mechanisms. Water research. 2014;54: 89–99.
  11. Busyairi M, Dewi YP, Widodo DI. Efektivitas kaporit pada proses klorinasi terhadap penurunan bakteri coliform dari limbah cair rumah sakit X di Samarinda. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan. 2016;23(2): 156.
  12. Nurjazuli, Mariyana, Joko T. Efektivitas Kaporit dalam Menurunkan Kadar Amoniak dan Bakteri Koliform dari Limbah Cair RSUD Tugurejo Semarang. Kesehatan Masyarakat. Januari 2015;3(1): 533–539.
  13. Said NS, Ineza. Uji Performance Pengolahan Air Limbah Rumah Sakit dengan Proses Biofilter Tercelup. Jaina. 2005;1(1): 1–11.
  14. Said. Paket Teknologi Pengolahan Air Limbah Rumah Sakit. Jaina. 2006;2(1): 52–65.
  15. Said NS, Widayat W. Teknologi pengolahan air limbah Rumah Sakit dengan proses Biofilter Anaerob-aerob. Jaina. 2005;1(1): 52–64.
  16. Fitriana L, Weliyadi E. Uji Efektifitas Pengolahan Air Limbah Rumah Sakit Pertamedika Menggunakan Sistem Biofilter Aerob-Anaerob. Harpodon Borneo. 2016;9(2): 111–122.
  17. Abou-Elela SI, Hamdy O, El Monayeri O. Modeling and simulation of hybrid anaerobic/aerobic wastewater treatment system. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2016;13(5): 1289–1298.
  18. Hermanus MB, Polii B, Mandey LC. Pengaruh Perlakuan Aerob dan Anaerob Terhadap Variabel BOD, COD, pH, dan Bakteri Dominan Limbah Industri Desiccated Coconut PT. Global Coconut Radey, Minahasa Selatan. Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan. 2015;3(2): 48–59.
  19. Melgoza RM, Cruz A, Buitrón G. Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of colorants present in textile effluents. Water science and technology: a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research. 2004;50(2): 149–155.
  20. Del Pozo R, Diez V. Integrated anaerobic-aerobic fixed-film reactor for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. Water research. 2005;39(6): 1114–1122.
  21. Asmadi. Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Rumah Sakit. Yogyakarta: Publishing; 2013.
  22. Mir-Tutusaus JA, Caminal G, Sarrà M. Influence of process variables in a continuous treatment of non-sterile hospital wastewater by Trametes versicolor and novel method for inoculum production. Journal of environmental management. 2018;212: 415–423.
  23. Metcaf, eddy. Wastewater engineering : treatment, disposal, and reuse. New york: McGraw-Hill; 1991.
  24. Yoon H, Song MJ, Yoon S. Design and Feasibility Analysis of a Self-Sustaining Biofiltration System for Removal of Low Concentration NO Emitted from Wastewater Treatment Plants. Environmental science & technology. 2017;51(18): 10736–10745.
  25. Omri I, Aouidi F, Bouallagui H, Godon J-J, Hamdi M. Performance study of biofilter developed to treat H2S from wastewater odour. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2013;20(2): 169–176.
  26. Siswati M, Syafrudin S, Sriyana S. Uji Kriteria Manajemen dalam Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik Terpusat. Media Komunikasi Teknik Sipil. 2017;23(1): 77.
  27. Carraro E, Bonetta S, Bertino C, Lorenzi E, Bonetta S, Gilli G. Hospital effluents management: Chemical, physical, microbiological risks and legislation in different countries. Journal of environmental management. 2016;168: 185–199.
  28. Tabash MI, Hussein RA, Mahmoud AH, El-Borgy MD, Abu-Hamad BA. Impact of an intervention programme on knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare staff regarding pharmaceutical waste management, Gaza, Palestine. Public health. 2016;138: 127–137.
  29. Setiani O, Misgiono, Budiyono. Evaluasi Manajemen Limbah Padat Dan Cair Di Rsud Mimika Evaluation Of Solid And Waste Water Management At RSUD Mimika. Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia. 2014;13(1): 1–13.
  30. Ruiz-Rosa I, García-Rodríguez FJ, Mendoza-Jiménez J. Development and application of a cost management model for wastewater treatment and reuse processes. Journal of cleaner production. 2016;113: 299–310.
  31. Kim M, Kim Y, Kim H, Piao W, Kim C. Operator decision support system for integrated wastewater management including wastewater treatment plants and receiving water bodies. Environmental science and pollution research international. 2016;23(11): 10785–10798.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.35092

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 16099 | views : 9648

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2018 Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ISSN 0215-1936 (PRINT), ISSN: 2614-8412 (ONLINE).

Indexed by:

 

Web Analytics Visitor Counter