Optimalisasi Metode Desalinasi Surya Tipe Atap Sandar Wadah Berundak dengan Integrasi Konverter Fototermal Antarmuka untuk Mengatasi Defisit Air Bersih di Indonesia

Abstrak

Data released by the Center for Research and Development of Water Resources (SDA) of the Ministry of PUPR indicates that the individual water supply quota in Java, currently at 1,169 m³ per year, is projected to drop to 476 m³ by 2040. Water is a vital resource essential for community activities, ranging from micro needs like household usage to macro needs such as industrial operations and irrigation. Despite Indonesia's substantial water area of 6.4 million km², which accounts for 77.1% of the total land area, water scarcity should not be a pressing issue. However, most of the available water exists as seawater, which cannot be directly used for daily life. To address this challenge, an innovative desalination system has been developed to transform seawater into fresh water. A review of various journals in the Gadjah Mada University E-Library database led to the creation of a new technology that integrates an interface photothermal converter with a stepped container roof solar desalination system. The interface photothermal converter harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, accelerating the evaporation process. It is designed with insulation to concentrate heat on the surface and retain it within the system. The unique stepped roof shape of the container increases the residence time of the distillate while expanding the evaporation area, enhancing heat transfer.The evaporated water vapor is then cooled and condensed, allowing it to be collected in a reservoir. Through various design optimization processes, this innovation aims to effectively address the clean water deficit in Indonesia.