Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Page Header Logo

Research article

Vol 13 No 2 (2019): Volume 13, Number 2, 2019

The effect of biomass-water ratio on bio-crude oil production from Botryococcus braunii using hydrothermal liquefaction process

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.48963
Submitted
November 16, 2023
Published
December 31, 2019

Abstract

The increasing demand of energy in Indonesia has led to the urgency to conduct research and development in renewable energy. Biomass is one of the largest renewable energy sources in Indonesia. For biomass to energy conversion, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been considered as one of the potential methods where biomass is processed using subcritical water to produce bio-oil, aqueous phase, gas, and solid product. In this research, the effect of biomass-water ratio on hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process of microalgae Botryococcus braunii has been investigated. The HTL was conducted using biomass/water ratio 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 with various holding time for each ratio. The product was bio-crude oil with similar characteristics to crude oil. Experimental results showed that biomass-water ratio affected the distribution of bio-crude oil yields. For biomass-water ratio of 1:10 and 1:20, it was found that bio-crude oil yields reached a maximum at 20 minutes, while the highest bio-crude oil yield of 4% was obtained at biomass-water ratio of 1:10. On the other hand, with biomass-water ratio of 1:30, bio-crude oil yield was continuously increasing with holding time until it reached the maximum yield of 4% at 40 minutes of holding time. The aforementioned results indicated that the highest bio-crude oil yield was obtained using biomass-water ratio 1:10 and 20 minutes of HTL processing time.

References

  1. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia, 2013, Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia Indonesia Population Projection 2010-2035, Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.
  2. Biswas, B., Arun Kumar, A., Bisht, Y., Singh, R., Kumar, J. and Bhaskar, T., 2017, Effects of temperature dan solvent on hydrothermal liquefaction of Sargassum tenerrimum algae, Bioresour. Technol., 242, 344–350.
  3. BP, 2017, BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2017. Available at: https://www.bp.com/ content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energyeconomics/statistical-review-2017/bpstatistical-review-of-world-energi-2017-fullreport.pdf.
  4. Caprariis, B. de, Filippis, P. De, Petrullo, A. and M. Scarsella., 2017, Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: Influence of temperature dan biomass composition on the bio-oil production, Fuel., 208, 618–625.
  5. Dimitriadis, A. and Bezergianni, S., 2017, Hydrothermal liquefaction of various biomass dan waste feedstocks for biocrude production: A state of the art review, Renew.Sus. Energ.Rev., 68, 113–125.
  6. Gai, C.,Zhang, Y., W. T. Chen, P. Zhang, and Y. Dong, 2015, An investigation of reaction pathways of hydrothermal liquefaction using Chlorella pyrenoidosa dan Spirulina platensis, Energ.Conver.Manage., 96, 330–339.
  7. Gollakota, A. R. K., Kishore, N. and Gu, S., 2016, A review on hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass, Renew.Sus.Energ.Rev., 1–15.
  8. Huber, G. W., Sara, I. and Corma, A., 2006, Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass, Chem Rev., 2 (106), 4044–4098.
  9. Jena, U., Das, K.C. and Kastner, J.R., 2011, Effect of operating conditions of thermochemical liquefaction on biocrude production from Spirulina platensis, Bioreseource Technology, 102 (10), 6221-6229.
  10. Kang, S., Fu, J. and Zhang, G., 2018, From lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid: A review on acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 94, 340-362.
  11. Ky, T., Kim, S., Vu, H., E. Yeol, C. Lee, and Kim, J, 2017, Bioresource Technology A general reaction network dan kinetic model of the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae Tetraselmis sp., Bioresour.Technol., 241, 610– 619.
  12. Mujiyanto, S. and Tiess, G., 2013, Secure energy supply in 2025: Indonesia’s need for an energy policy strategy, Energy Policy., 61(5), 31–41.
  13. Phang, S., Yeoing, H., Ganzon-Fortes, E.T., Lewmanomont, K., Prathep, A., Hau, L. N., Gerung, G.S. and Tan, K.S., 2016, Marine algae of the South China Sea bordered by Indonesia, Malaysia, Phippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, Raffles Bulletin Of Zoology, 34, 15-39.
  14. Peterson, A. A., Vogel, F., Lachance, R. P., Fröling, M., Antal, Jr. M. J., and Tester, J. W., 2008, Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: A review of sub- dan supercritical water technologies, Energ. Environ. Sci., 1 (1), 32.
  15. Sari, A. M., Mayasari, H. E., Rachimoellah and S. Zullaikah., 2013, Pertumbuhan dan kandungan lipida dari Botryococcus braunii dalam media air laut, Jurnal Teknik POMITS, 2 (1), 1–6.
  16. Sugiyono, A., 2016, Outlook Energi Indonesia 2016: Pengembangan Energi untuk Mendukung Industri Hijau., Jakarta. Available at: www.bppt.go.id.
  17. Susilaningsih, D., Khuzaemah, Rahman, D.Y. and Sekiguchi, H., 2014, Screening for lipid depositor of Indonesian microalgae isolated from seashore and peat-land, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 39, 19394-19399.
  18. Thiruvenkadam, S., Izhar, S., Yoshida, H., Danquah, M.K. and Harun, R., 2015, Process application of subcritical water extraction (SWE) for algal bio-products and biofuels production. Appl. Energy.,154, 815–28.
  19. Valdez, P. J., Nelson, M. C., Wang, H. Y., Lin, X. N. and Savage., P. E., 2012, Hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis sp.: Systematic study of process variables dan analysis of the product fractions, Biomass. Bioenerg., 46, 317–331.
  20. Valdez, P. J., Tocco, V. J. and Savage, P. E., 2014, A general kinetic model for the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae, Bioresour. Technol., 163, 123–127.
  21. Vardon, D.R., Sharma, B.K., Scott J., Yu, G., Wang, Z., Schideman, L., Zhang, Y. and Strathmann, T.J., 2011, Chemical properties of biocrude oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina algae, swine manure, and digested anaerobic sludge, Bioresour. Technol., 102 (17), 8295–303.
  22. Vo, T.K., Lee O.K, Lee, E.Y., Kim, C.H., Seo, J.W., Kim, J. and Kim, S.S., Kinetics study of the hydrothermal liquefaction of the microalga Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101. Chem. Eng. J. 2016, 306, 763–71.
  23. Xu, D. and Savage, P. E., 2017, Bioresource technology effect of temperature, biomasswater ratio, and Ru/C catalyst on waterinsoluble dan water-soluble biocrude fractions from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae, Bioresour.Technol., 239, 1–6.