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Research article

Vol 13 No 2 (2019): Volume 13, Number 2, 2019

Kinetics of anaerobic digestion of dairy fat waste with saponification pre-treatment

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.48959
Submitted
November 16, 2023
Published
December 31, 2019

Abstract

Anaerobic digestion has been an attractive field of research in the era of energy crisis. Biogas, which is the product of anaerobic digestion, provides alternative energy, while at the same time it also prevents pollution due to organic waste accumulation. Among various organic wastes, dairy fat waste is a potential substrate for anaerobic digestion. Fat waste has high theoretical biogas potential because of its high lipid content. However, anaerobic digestion of organic waste with high lipid content is quite challenging. The main obstacle in anaerobic digestion of fat waste is its tendency to form insoluble floating layer on top of the liquid phase. This phenomenon hinders the access of hydrolytic bacteria to the substrate. Saponification is one of the methods to increase the solubility of the floating layer and hence to improve the availability of substrate for the bacteria. Saponification changes the lipid content into soap which has both polar and non-polar functional groups and the polar side will increase the solubility of the substrate in water. This study evaluated the effect of different dosage of base added as the reactant during saponification pre-treatment on the productivity of anaerobic digestion of dairy fat waste. The kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process was analyzed by mean of mathematical model. The variations of the alkaline dosages studied for saponification pre-treatment were 0.04 mol base/g sCOD; 0.02 mol base/g sCOD; and no pre-treatment for control reactor. This study proved that saponification increased the solubility of dairy fat waste. This result was confirmed by the hydrolysis constant value (kH) of 0.00782/day for reactor with saponification, which was twenty times of magnitude higher than the kH value of 0.00032/day in the reactor without saponification. However, the exposure to high pH during the saponification pre-treatment might somewhat inhibit indigenous acidogenic bacteria in the waste which results in lower methane yield in the reactors with saponification to be compared to the control reactor.

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