Vetoed Justice: Examining the Security Council's Paralysis in Addressing Palestinian Statehood
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Abstract
The aftermath of World War II saw the world yet again involved in global conflict, and the need for an international peacekeeping organization is urgently needed. The United Nations (UN) was created to do exactly this reason, with the additional creation of the United Nations Security Council (Security Council) created to maintain security and peace within the world. As time moves by however, the relevancy and the effectiveness of the Security Council as an organization under the mandate of the UN in maintaining peace and security is being questioned. This study seeks to analyze the role of international law in the efforts of recognition of the State of Palestine, as well as to understand the role considerations of made by UN council bodies, particularly the Security Council in comprehending the issue at forth and how the development of policies and framework could have an effect on the territories of Palestine in the future.
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References
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———. “General Assembly. Resolution 194,” 1948.
———. “General Assembly. Resolution 2200A (XXI) Article 9,” 1966.
———. “General Assembly. Resolution 3236,” 1974.
———. “General Assembly. Resolution 63/30,” 2008.
———. “Security Council. Resolution 1322,” 2000.
———. “Security Council. Resolution 1397,” 2002.
———. “Security Council. Resolution 242,” 1967.
———. “Security Council. Resolution 242,” 1967.
———. “Security Council Resolutions. 1970 (2011), 1973 (2011), 1975 (2011), 2016 (2011), 2127 (2013),” n.d.
———. “UN Charter Article 1 (2),” 1945.
———. “UN Charter Article 24 (1),” 1945.
———. “UN Charter Article 39,” 1945.
———. “Voting System | Security Council,” 2020. https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/content/voting-system.
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Amado Olvera Maria, Jose. “Binding or Not ? Determining the Legal Status in International Law of UN Security Council Resolutions.” Juris Gentum Law Review 10, no. 1 (2024): 13–37.
Atsir, Muhammad. “Kegagalan United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Dalam Upaya Membangun Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Periode 2021-2023.” Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2024.
B’Tselem. “List of Military Checkpoints in the West Bank and Gaza Strip,” 2024. https://www.btselem.org/freedom_of_movement/checkpoints_and_forbidden_roads. Accessed 4 January 2025.
Ben-Dror, Elad. “Corpus Separatum: The UN Plan for the Internationalisation of Jerusalem.” Middle East Insight, no. 225 (2020): 20–26.
Blecher, Robert. “Operation Cast Lead in the West Bank.” Journal of Palestine Studies 38, no. 3 (2009): 64–71.
Brown, Nathan J. “The Hamas- Fatah Conflict : Shallow but Wide.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 34, no. 2 (2010): 35–49.
Duqmaq, Najah, and Ahmed Abu Ja’far. “The Israeli Violations of the Natural Resources in Palestine.” International Journal of Legal and Comparative Jurisprudence Studies (LCJS) 2, no. 3 (2021): 214–23.
Erakat, Noura. “Taking the Land without the People: The 1967 Story as Told by the Law.” Journal of Palestine Studies 47, no. 1 (2017): 18–38.
French Government. “Israel / Palestinian Territories – France Condemns the Israeli Authorities’ Decision to Approve Plans for Nearly 3,500 Housing Units,” 2024. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/israel-palestinian-territories/news/2024/article/israel-palestinian-territories-france-condemns-the-israeli-authorities-decision. Accessed 1 January 2025.
HADŽİĆ, Faruk. “Space and Place of Jerusalem; Sociology of Religion and Inter-Cultural Sociopolitical Peace and Conflict.” Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies 22, no. 1 (2022): 47–72.
Imseis, Ardi. “On the Fourth Geneva Convention and the Occupied Palestinian Territory.” Harvard International Law Journal 44, no. 1 (2003): 65–138.
International Court of Justice. “Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Summary of the Advisory Opinion 9 July 2004.” International Organization 9, no. 04 (1955): 532.
International Criminal Court. “Situation in the State of Palestine: ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I Rejects the State of Israel’s Challenges to Jurisdiction and Issues Warrants of Arrest for Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant,” 2024. https://doi.org/https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-state-palestine-icc-pre-trial-chamber-i-rejects-state-israels-challenges. Accessed 12 January 2025.
“Israel’s Apartheid against Palestinians: A Cruel System of Domination and a Crime against Humanity.” Amnesty International, 2022. https://doi.org/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/02/israels-apartheid-against-palestinians-a-cruel-system-of-domination-and-a-crime-against-humanity/. Accessed 7 January 2025.
Machairas, Dimitrios. “The Strategic and Political Consequences of the June 1967 War.” Cogent Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2017).
“Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of State. Article 1.” Montevideo, 1936.
Myer, Gregg. “With Attention on Gaza, Jewish Settlers Expand in the West Bank.” npr.org, 2024. https://www.npr.org/2024/08/07/nx-s1-5039159/with-attention-on-gaza-jewish-settlers-expand-in-the-west-bank. Accessed 4 January 2025.
Pitta, Michele. “Statehood and Recognition: The Case of Palestine.” Cei International Affairs 6, no. 6 (2018): 1–41.
Postel-Vinay, Olivier. “The Nakba: Looking Back on a Traumatic Event.” cairn.info, 2024. https://shs.cairn.info/dossiers-2024-7-page-1?lang=en&tab=apercu.
Pressman, Jeremy. “The Second Intifada: Background and Causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.” The Journal of Conflict Studies 23, no. 2 (2003): 114–41.
Quigley, John. International Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Edited by Susan M Akram, Michael Dumper, Michael Lynk, and Iain Scobbie. New York City, 2011.
Rabkin, Yakov M. “Russia, China and India and the Israel-Palestine Conflict.” Holy Land Studies 12, no. 1 (2013): 9–24.
Roosevelt, Kermit. “The Partition of Palestine: A Lesson in Pressure Politics.” Middle East Journal 2, no. April 1946 (1948): 26–62.
Serrano, Monica. “The Responsibility to Protect: Libya and Cote D’ivore.” Amsterdam Law Forum 3, no. 3 (2011): 92–101.
Shukrallah, Hani, Sana Kamal, Mona Ziade, Marlin Dick, and Cengiz Çandar. “The Street Reacts to Operation Defensive Shield : Snapshots from the Middle East.” Journal of Palestine Studies 31, no. 4 (2010): 44–65.
Staff, MEE. “The 49 Times the US Used Veto Power against UN Resolution on Israel.” Middle East Eye, 2024. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/49-times-us-has-used-veto-power-against-un-resolutions-israel. Accessed 23 December 2024.
“Statement Made by Former Palestinian Permanent Observer to the UN Riyad Mansour.” UN General Assembly, 2011.
“Statement Made by Former United States Ambassador Susan E. Rice.” UN General Assembly, 2011.
“Statement Made by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.” UN General Assembly, 2024.
Summersett, Glorious Preye, and Adebola A Alade. “The Global Peace Mandate of the United Nations Security Council, Conflict Management and the Israeli-Palestinian Question.” Journal of Contemporary International Relations and Diplomacy 3, no. 2 (2022): 512–27.
Takahashi, Saul J. “Rethinking International Law After Gaza Symposium: Israel Must Be Expelled from the United Nations.” Opinio Juris, 2024. https://opiniojuris.org/2024/10/09/israel-must-be-expelled-from-the-united-nations/.
Temellİ, Etnİk, Çatişmalara Bm, Müdahalesİ Ruanda, and V E Bosna. “UN Intervention in Ethnic Based Conflict: Rwanda and Bosnia.” Turkish Journal of Political Science 5, no. September (2022): 227–40.
Terry, Patrick C R. “Britain in Palestine (1917-1948)-Occupation, the Palestine Mandate, and International Law.” U. Bologna l. Rev. 2 (2017): 189.
Tri Putra, Edwin, and Pratama Dahlian Persadha. “Transforming Conflict: Analyzing the Impact of UN Security Council Resolution 2334 on Human Security in Israel-Palestine.” Journal of Law Science 6, no. 1 (2024): 91–100.
United Nations. “"Security Council.” Question of Palestine.” Accessed November 15, 2024. https://www.un.org/unispal/data-collection/security-council/.
———. “General Assembly. Resolution 194,” 1948.
———. “General Assembly. Resolution 2200A (XXI) Article 9,” 1966.
———. “General Assembly. Resolution 3236,” 1974.
———. “General Assembly. Resolution 63/30,” 2008.
———. “Security Council. Resolution 1322,” 2000.
———. “Security Council. Resolution 1397,” 2002.
———. “Security Council. Resolution 242,” 1967.
———. “Security Council. Resolution 242,” 1967.
———. “Security Council Resolutions. 1970 (2011), 1973 (2011), 1975 (2011), 2016 (2011), 2127 (2013),” n.d.
———. “UN Charter Article 1 (2),” 1945.
———. “UN Charter Article 24 (1),” 1945.
———. “UN Charter Article 39,” 1945.
———. “Voting System | Security Council,” 2020. https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/content/voting-system.
UNRWA. “Refugees and Palestine,” n.d. https://doi.org/https://www.unrwa.org/palestine-refugees. Accessed 7 January 2025.
Wells, Karen, Susana Cortés-Morales, James Esson, Deirdre Horgan, Fikile Nxumalo, Ann Phoenix, Pauliina Rautio, and Rachel Rosen. “Israel’s War on Gaza and the Violation of Children’s Rights.” Children’s Geographies 22, no. 2 (2024): 197–200.
Yaniv, Omer, Yair Assaf-Shapira, Ariel Gefen, and Netta Haddad. “Jerusalem: Facts and Trends 2023.” Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research, 2023, 7–35.