Epidemiology, Aetiology and Risk Profile of Heart Failure in a Tertiary Referral Hospital: a Report from the Sardjito Heart Failure Registry

Abstract

Background: Heart failure (HF) is currently still one of the problems in
Indonesia due to the high rate of morbidity, mortality and rehospitalisation.
Heart failure is also one of the diseases that use the most health funds.
Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of HF. Data on
epidemiology of HF is still limited in Indonesia. Understanding the
epidemiology of the preclinical and clinical stages of HF may facilitate
preventative strategies. This study aims to find out epidemiological data on
HF patients in Yogyakarta, starting from the population in the hospital,
especially in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital.
Method: This study was a descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional
design conducted at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
from February 2016 to February 2018. Patient demographic, clinical signs
and echocardiographic data were recorded and analyzed using univariate
and bivariate analysis.
Results: Out of a total of 853 patients, the median age of patients was 59 years
(19-91 years) with a greater number of male patients (68.2% vs. 31.8%) than
women. The most common cause of HF is ischemia heart disease (40.2%),
while hypertension is the dominant risk factor found (59.8%). The
prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were
43%, 20.3% and 36.5% respectively. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was associated
with heart failure ejection fraction less than 50% (p<0,001). Both DM and
hypertension were significantly associated with IHD (both p<0,001).
Hypertension was associated with HHD (p<0,001).
Conclusion: Ischemia heart disease is the most common aetiology of HF in our
study. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are major risk factors leading to
IHD. Preventive efforts and risk factor management are the main pillars to
reduce the incidence of HF in the future.