Hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan kesehatan gigi dan mulut: studi pada usia lanjut di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Fitrina Rachmadanty Siregar; Lisdrianto Hanindriyo; Elastria Widita; Rini Widyaningrum; Bambang Priyono; Dewi Agustina

doi:10.22146/mkgk.77112

Hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan kesehatan gigi dan mulut: studi pada usia lanjut di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

https://doi.org/10.22146/mkgk.77112

Fitrina Rachmadanty Siregar^(1*), Lisdrianto Hanindriyo⁽²⁾, Elastria Widita⁽³⁾, Rini Widyaningrum⁽⁴⁾, Bambang Priyono⁽⁵⁾, Dewi Agustina⁽⁶⁾

(1) Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Pencegahan dan Ilmu Kesehatan Gigi Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Pencegahan dan Ilmu Kesehatan Gigi Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Program Studi Higiene Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(4) Departemen Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(5) Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Pencegahan dan Ilmu Kesehatan Gigi Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(6) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Mulut, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk usia lanjut dan semakin bervariasinya jenis makanan menjadi tantangan bagi pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Aspek gizi seperti frekuensi dan jumlah asupan makanan yang memengaruhi berat badan dapat pula memengaruhi kesehatan gigi dan mulut terutama pada usia lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Studi ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan partisipan sebanyak 186 orang berusia 60-84 tahun yang terdiri dari 87 laki-laki dan 99 perempuan dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yaitu jumlah gigi dalam mulut, indeks kebersihan mulut (OHI), indeks karies (DMFT), perdarahan saat probing (BOP), kedalaman poket (PPD), dan kehilangan perlekatan (CAL). Uji korelasi Pearson dilakukan pada IMT dan enam variabel pemeriksaan gigi dan mulut. Hasil uji menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara IMT dengan jumlah gigi (r = 0,233, p < 0,05), kebersihan mulut (r = -0,384, p < 0,05), perdarahan saat probing (r = -0,249, p < 0,05), kedalaman poket ≥ 4 mm (r = 0,177, p < 0,05), dan kehilangan
perlekatan (r = -0,167, p < 0,05). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara IMT dengan status karies gigi (r = -0,137, p > 0,05).

Keywords

indeks massa tubuh; kebersihan mulut; status periodontal; usia lanjut

Full Text:

PDF

References

1. World Health Organization. Regional strategy for healthy ageing (2013-2018). WHO Library
Cataloguing-in-Publication data. 2014. ISBN 978-92-9022-454-9.

2. Badan Pusat Statistik. Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia 2020. Tersedia di https://www.
bps.go.id/publication/2020/12/21/0fc023221965624a644c1111/statistikpenduduk-lanjutusia-
2020.html

3. Edman KE, Holmlund A, Norderyd O. Caries disease among an elderly population-A
longitudinal study. Int J Dent Hygiene. 2021; 19: 166-175. doi: 10.1111/idh.12490

4. Razak PA, Richard KM, Thankachan RP, Hafiz KA, Kumar KN, Sameer KM. Geriatric
oral health: a review article. J Int Oral Health. 2014; 6(6): 110-116.

5. Dodds M, Roland S, Edgar M, Thornhill M. Saliva A review of its role in maintaining oral
health and preventing dental disease. BDJ Team. 2015; 15123. doi: 10.1038/bdjteam.2015.123

6. Hilgert JB, Hugo FN, de Sousa, ML, Bozzetti MC. Oral status and its association with obesity in Southern Brazilian older people. Gerodontology. 2009; 26: 46-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2008.00226.x

7. Perera R, Ekanayake L. Relationship between nutritional status and tooth loss in an older
population from Sri Lanka. Gerodontology. 2012; 29: e566-e570. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00518.x

8. Natarajan P, Choudhury M, Seenivasan MK, Jeyapalan K, Natarajan S, Vaidhyanathan AK. Body Mass Index and Tooth Loss: An Epidemiological Study in a Sample of Suburban South Indian Population. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019; 11(Suppl 2):S402-S406. doi: 10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_48_19.

9. O’Neill BV, Bullmore ET, Miller S, McHugh S, Simons D, Dodds CM. The relationship
between fat mass, eating behaviour and obesity-related psychological traits in overweight and obese individuals. Appetite. 2012; 59: 656–661.

10. Kossioni AE. The association of poor oral health parameters with malnutrition in older adults: a review considering the potential implications for cognitive impairment. Nutrients. 2018;
10(11): 1709. doi: 10.3390/nu10111709

11. Greene JC, Vermillion JR. The oral hygiene index: a method for classifying oral hygiene
status. JADA. 1960; 61(2): 172-179. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1960.0177.

12. World Health Organization. Oral Health Surveys Basic Methods 5th Edition. Geneva:
WHO Press. 2013.

13. Honeywell S, Samavat H, Hoskin E, Touger-Decker RE, Zelig R. Associations between
dentition status and nutritional status in community-dwelling older adults. Current
Developments in Nutrition. 2021; 5(2): 19. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzab033_019

14. Hu, Hsiao-Yun, Lee, Ya-Ling, Lin, Shu-Yi, Chou, Yi-Chang, Chung D, Huang Nicole,
Chou, Yiing-Jenq, Wu, Chen-Yi. Association between tooth loss, body mass index, and
all-cause mortality among elderly patients in Taiwan. Medicine. 2015; 94(39): e1543.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001543

15. Zelig R, Goldstein S, Touger-Decker R, et al. Tooth loss and nutritional status in older adults:
a systematic review and meta-analysis. JDR Clinical & Translational Research. 2022; 7(1):
4-15. doi:10.1177/2380084420981016

16. Keller A, Rohde JF, Raymond K, Heitmann BL. Association between periodontal disease
and overweight and obesity: a systematic review. J Periodontol. 2015; 86(6): 766-776
doi: 10.1902/jop.2015.140589

17. Khosravi R, Ka K, Huang T, Khalili S, Nguyen BH, Nicolau B, Tran SD. Tumor necrosis
factor- α and interleukin-6: potential interorgan inflammatory mediators contributing to
destructive periodontal disease in obesity or metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;
2013: 728987. doi: 10.1155/2013/728987.

18. Chang Y, Jeon J, Kim JW, Song TJ, Kim J. Association between findings in oral health
screening and body mass index: a nationwide longitudinal study. Int J Environ Res
Public Health. 2021; 18(21): 11062. doi:10.3390/ijerph182111062

19. Hanindriyo L, Widita E, Widyaningrum R, Priyono B, Agustina D. Influence of residential
characteristics on the association between the oral health status and BMI of older adults
in Indonesia. Gerodontology. 2018; 35: 268-275. doi: 10.1111/ger.12352

20. Idrees M, Hammad M, Faden A, Kujan O. Influence of body mass index on severity of
dental caries: cross-sectional study in healthy adults. Ann Saudi Med. 2017; 37(6): 444-448.
doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2017.444

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mkgk.77112