* Corresponding Author
Evaluation of viscosity and pH of Zingiber officinale var. officinale juice in mouthwash formulation
https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.82071 Rosita Stefani(1), Gisela Ellenia Vanessa(2), Eko Fibryanto(3*)
(1) Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
(2) Study Program of Dentistry Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta
(3) Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Zingiber officinale var. officinale juice has many benefits, including as a mixture of mouthwash. This research aims to analyze the differences in pH and viscosity values of Zingiber officinale var. officinale-containing mouthwashes with concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, and 12.5% on days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. Zingiber officinale var. officinale-containing mouthwashes with concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, and 12.5% were mixed with propylene glycol, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, oleum menthae, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, calcium lactate, sorbitol 70% and calcium thiocyanate. The formulation was measured with a pH meter (Jenway, United Kingdom) and a viscometer (Brookfield, Massachusetts) for 56 days. pH data was analyzed using GLM repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Viscosity data was analyzed using GLM repeated measured ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). The pH value of the 3.125% formulation showed significant difference for 56 days in the range of 5.50-5.61. The viscosity value showed no significant difference for 56 days in the range of 3.03-3.09 cP. The pH and viscosity value of the 6.25% formulation showed no significant difference for 56 days with pHs of 5.78-5.83, while the viscosity is 3.12-3.13 cP. The pH and viscosity value of the 12.5% formulation showed no significant difference for 56 days with pHs of 4.90, while the viscosity was 3.43-3.50 cP. The Zingiber officinale var. Officinale mouthwash formulation with a concentration of 3.125% was unstable, but it had the lowest viscosity value and was stable for 56 days. The pH and viscosity value of the 6.25% and 12.5% formulations were stable for 56 days. The highest pH value was in the 6.25% formulation.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. World Health Organization. Oral Health [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://www. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oralhealth.
2. Chen X, Daliri EBM, Kim N, Kim JR, Yoo D, Oh DH. Microbial etiology and prevention of dental caries: Exploiting natural products to inhibit cariogenic biofilms. Pathogens. 2020; 9(7): 1–15. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9070569
3. Iskandar B, Lukman A, Syaputra S, Al-Abrori UNH, Surboyo MDC, Lee CK. Formulation, characteristics and anti-bacterial effects of Euphorbia hirta L. mouthwash. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2022; 17(2): 271–282. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.08.009
4. der Weijden FAV, der Sluijs EV, Ciancio SG, Slot DE. Can chemical mouthwash agents achieve plaque/gingivitis control? Dent Clin North Am. 2015; 59(4): 799–829. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2015.06.002
5. Renuka S, Muralidharan NP. Comparison in benefits of herbal mouthwashes with chlorhexidine mouthwash: a review. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2017; 10(2): 3–7. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.13304
6. Nigam D, Verma P, Chhajed M. Formulation and evaluation of herbal mouthwash against
oral infections disease. Int J Pharm Life Sci. 2020; 11(7): 6746–6750.
7. Sykes L, Comley M, Kelly L. Availability, Indications for use and main ingredients of mouthwashes in six major supermarkets in Gauteng. South African Dent J. 2016; 71(7):
308–313.
8. Sharma R, Hebbal M, Ankola AV, Murugaboopathy V, Shetty SJ. Effect of two herbal mouthwashes on gingival health of school children. J Tradit Complement Med. 2014; 4(4): 272–278. doi: 10.4103/2225-4110.131373
9. Kono SR, Yamlean PVY, Sudewi S. Formulasi sediaan obat kumur herba patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) dan uji antibakteri Prophyromonas gingivalis. Pharmacon. 2018; 7(1): 37–46. doi: 10.35799/pha.7.2018.18803
10. Anastasia A, Yuliet Y, Tandah MR. Formulasi sediaan mouthwash pencegah plak gigi ekstrak biji kakao (Theobroma cacao L) dan uji efektivitas pada bakteri Streptococcus mutans. J Farmasi Galenika (Galenika J Pharm). 2017; 3(1): 84–92. doi: 10.22487/j24428744.2017.v3.i1.8144
11. Rachmawati H, Novel MA, Ayu S, Berlian G, Tandrasasmita OM, Tjandrawinata RR, Anggadiredja K. The in vitro–in vivo safety confirmation of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil as a surfactant for oral nanoemulsion formulation. Sci Pharm. 2017; 85(2): 4–13. doi: 10.3390/scipharm85020018
12. Radzki D, Wilhelm-Węglarz M, Pruska K, Kusiak A, Ordyniec-Kwaśnica I. A fresh look at mouthwashes—what is inside and what is it for? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(7): 3926. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073926
13. Simbolon RA, Amna U, Halimatussakdiah H. Uji kadar disolusi tablet kalsium laktat menggunakan titrasi kompleksometri. Quimica. 2020; 2(2): 11-13. doi: 10.33059/jq.v2i2.2618
14. Wibowo DP, Mariani R, Hasanah SU, Aulifa DL. Chemical constituents, antibacterial activity
and mode of action of elephant ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Officinale) and emprit ginger
rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) essential oils. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2020;
12(2): 404–409. doi: 10.5530/pj.2020.12.62
15. Anshula D, Rameshwari R, Poonacha KS, Seema B, Monika K NP. Evaluation of the stability, pH, density and sedimentation of green tea and green tea plus ginger mouthwash: a phytochemical study. J Oral Heal Dent Sci. 2018; 2(1): 1-4.
16. Agency EM. Propylene glycol used as an excipient propylene glycol used as an excipient Table of contents. Comm Hum Med Prod. 2017; 44: 97.
17. Kao TT, Wang MC, Chen YH, Chung YT, Hwang PA. Propylene glycol improves stability of the anti-inflammatory compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis extract. Processes. 2021; 9(5): 1-13. doi: 10.3390/pr9050894
18. Selina C, Darwis I, Graharti RR. Peppermint (Mentha piperita) sebagai pengobatan alternatif pada irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Major Med J Lampung Univ. 2019; 8(1): 211–219.
19. Dash RP, Srinivas NR, Babu RJ. Use of sorbitol as pharmaceutical excipient in the present day formulations–issues and challenges for drug absorption and bioavailability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2019; 45(9): 1421–1429. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1640722
20. Krátký M, Vinšová J, Buchta V. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of salicylanilide benzoates. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012; 2012: 290628. doi: 10.1100/2012/290628
21. Mariyam D, Farida N, Wijaya HW, Dasna IW. Studi karakterisasi dan aktivitas antibakteri
senyawa kompleks dari zink (II) klorida, kalium tiosianat dan 2-Aminopiridina. J Riset
Kimia. 2022; 13(1): 100–110. doi: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.465
22. Aghazadeh M, Bialvaei AZ, Aghazadeh M, Kabiri F, Saliani N, Yousefi M, Eslami H, Kafil HS. Survey of the antibiofilm and antimicrobial effects of Zingiber officinale (in vitro study).
Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2016; 9(2): e30167. doi: 10.5812/jjm.30167
23. Yulianti AB, Tejasari M, Dewi MK, Furqaani AR. Penelusuran campuran senyawa aktif ekstrak
air bawang putih, jahe gajah, dan lemon lokal: Potensi pengatur profil lipid pada tikus tua yang terpapar pakan tinggi Lemak [Laporan penelitian]. Bandung: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung; 2021. 28.
24. Olejnik E, Szymanska J. Active ingredients of mouthwashes. Acta Pol Pharm - Drug Res.
2021; 77(6): 825–32. doi: 10.32383/appdr/128897
25. Yelfi Y, Susilo H, Kurnia NM. Mouthwash of Amaranthus hybridus L. Leaf extract with ethyl acetate as a Streptococcus mutans antibacterial. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa. 2022; 5(1): 79–90. doi:10.29313/jiff.v5i1.8379
26. Ardini D, Ratnasari E, Mulatasih. Streptococcus mutans antibacterial study: Mouthwash
preparations formulation using cinnamon and betel leaf essential oils (Cinnamomum burmannii) (Piper betle L). Int J Innov Creat Chang. 2020; 13(2): 85–95.
27. Baitariza A, Ghazali A, Rosmiati. Formulasi larutan obat kumur pencegah plak gigi ekstrak
kulit nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr). J Sabdariffarma. 2022; 6(1): 33–42. doi: 10.53675/jsfar.v2i1.29
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.82071
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1075
| 
views : 1766
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.