Effect of jackfruit seed fortification on high calcium milk on bone collagen density

Aulia Ayub; Fun Nagede Adinsyah; Arum Trisnaningtyas Sugiyanto Putri; Presty Dwi Fitriani; Risma Martasuri; Tetiana Haniastuti

doi:10.22146/majkedgiind.25979

Effect of jackfruit seed fortification on high calcium milk on bone collagen density

https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.25979

Aulia Ayub^(1*), Fun Nagede Adinsyah⁽²⁾, Arum Trisnaningtyas Sugiyanto Putri⁽³⁾, Presty Dwi Fitriani⁽⁴⁾, Risma Martasuri⁽⁵⁾, Tetiana Haniastuti⁽⁶⁾

(1) Dentist Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Dentist Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Dentist Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(4) Dentist Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(5) Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(6) Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and damage to the microarchitecture of bone tissue. One of osteoporosis types is primary type-1 osteoporosis or postmenopausal osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency. Calcium is an important mineral that plays a central role in the formation of bone strength structure. Jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus) contain isoflavones that can replace the role of estrogen in the body. Fortification of jackfruit seeds and high calcium milk can be a potential alternative for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drinking high calcium milk fortified with jackfruit seed extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus) on alveolar bone collagen fiber density of menopause induced rats. Twenty-five Sprague dawley rats were included in this study. Twenty Sprague dawley rats were ovariectomized, while 5 rats were left untreated (normal control group). Seven days after ovariectomy was performed, 5 rats were treated with fortification of jackfruit seed extract and high calcium milk, 5 rats were treated with jackfruit seed extract, 5 rats were treated with high calcium milk, and 5 rats were left untreated (ovariectomized control group). The treatments were done for 28 days. The rats were euthanized and the alveolar bone was taken and processed for a histological specimen. Alveolar bone collagen fibers were observed under a binocular microscope with 100 magnification. Kruskal-Wallis result showed there was a significant difference in the alveolar bone collagen fiber density among these groups (p<0.05). Mann-Whitney U Test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the alveolar bone collagen fiber density of the rats treated with fortification of jackfruit seed extract and high calcium milk compared to the group treated with jackfruit seed extract, that with high calcium milk, or ovariectomized control group. No significant difference in alveolar bone collagen fiber density was found between the group treated with fortification of jackfruit seed extract and high calcium milk and the normal control group (p>0.05). In conclusion, consuming high calcium milk fortified with jackfruit seed extract increases the density of alveolar bone collagen fibers.

Keywords

bone collagen; fortification; jackfruit seed extract; menopause; osteoporosis

Full Text:

PDF

References

1. Kemenkes RI. Data dan kondisi penyakit osteoporosis di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2015.

2. Kapetanovic A, Avdic D. Dietary calcium intake and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women living in sarajevo area. Journal of Health Sciences. 2012; 2(2): 118–121.

3. Arjmandi BH, Smith BJ. Soy isoflavones osteoprotective role in postmenopausal women: mechanism of action. J Nutr Biochem. 2002; 13(3): 130–137.

4. Hildebolt CF. Osteoporosis and oral bone loss. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 1997; 26(1): 3–15.

5. Lestari S, Widyaningrum R. Hubungan fraksi area trabekula anterior mandibula dengan kepadatan tulang lumbar spine untuk deteksi dini osteoporosis. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia. 2017; 3(1): 43–50.

6. Kurt-Sirin O, Yilmaz-Aydogan H, Uyar M, Seyhan MF, Isbir T, Can A. Combined effects of collagen type I Alpha1 (COL1A1) Sp1 polymorphism and osteoporosis risk factors on bone mineral density in Turkish Postmenopausal Women, Gene. Elsevier B.V. 2014; 540(2): 226–231.

7. Sroga GE, Vashishth D. Effect of bone matrix protein on fracture and fragility in osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2012; 10(2): 141–150.

8. Rodriguez JP, Montecinos L, Rios S, Reyes P, Martínez J. Mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporotic patients produce a type i collagen-deficient extracellular matrix favoring adipogenic differentiation. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 2000; 79(4): 557–565.

9. Feskanich D, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Calcium, vitamin D, milk consumption, and hip fractures: a prospective study among postmenopausal women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 77(2): 504–511.

10. Maurya P, Mogra R. Assessment of consumption practices of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus lam.) Seeds in Villages of Jalalpur Block District Ambedarnagar (U.P.) India. Remarking. 2016; 2(8): 73–75.

11. Nandkule VD, Masih D, Sonkar C, Patil DD. Development and quality evaluation of jackfruit seed and soy flour noodles. International Journal of Sciences, Engineering, and Technology. 2015; 3(3): 802–806.

12. Al-Anazi FA, Qureshi VF, Javaid K, Qureshi S. Preventive effects of phytoestrogens against postmenopausal osteoporosis as compared to the available therapeutic choices: an overview. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2011; 2(2): 154–163.

13. Ghani L. Seluk beluk menopause. Media Penelit Pengemb Kesehat. 2009; 19(4): 193–197.

14. Lerner UH. Bone remodeling in post-meno- pausal osteoporosis. J Dent Res. 2006; 85(7): 584–595.

15. Jee SS. Development of collagen-hydro- xyapatite nanostructured composites via a calcium phosphate precursor mechanism. USA: ProQuest; 2009.

16. Muliani. Pemberian kalsium laktas peroral dan berenang menurunkan osteoklas dan meningkatkan osteoblas pada tulang radius mencit (mus musculus) perimenopausal. J Ilm Kedokt. 2012; 43(3): 169–178.

17. Zayzafoon M. Calcium/Calmodulin signaling controls osteoblast growth and differentiation. J Cell Biochem. 2006; 97(1): 56–70.

18. Djuwita I, Pratiwi IA, Winarto A, Sabri M. The proliferation and differentitaion rate of rat bone cells in in vitro culture medium containing cissus quadragula salisb extract. J Kedokt Hewan Indonesia. 2012; 6(2): 75–80.

19. Puspaningtyas DE. The miracle of fruit. Salemba. Jakarta; 2013.

20. Kini U, Nandeesh BN. Physiology of bone formation, remodeling, and metabolism, radionuclide and hybrid bone imaging. India; 2012.

21. Zheng X, Lee SK, Chun OK. Soy isoflavones and osteoporotic bone loss: a review with an emphasis on modulation of bone remodeling. J Med Food. 2016; 19(1): 1–14.

22. Greendale GA, Espeland M, Slone S, Marcus R, Barrett-Connor E. Bone mass response to discontinuation of long-term hormone replacement therapy: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Safety Follow-up Study. Arch Intern Med. 2002; 162: 665.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.25979