The effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) on Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 to hydroxyapatite discs

Friska Ani Rahman; Tetiana Haniastuti; Trianna Wahyu Utami

doi:10.22146/majkedgiind.24852

The effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) on Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 to hydroxyapatite discs

https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.24852

Friska Ani Rahman^(1*), Tetiana Haniastuti⁽²⁾, Trianna Wahyu Utami⁽³⁾

(1) Dental Hygiene Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The demineralization of dental hard tissues can be caused by dental plaque. Dental plaque contains various components, especially bacteria attached to the extracellular matrix. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has extracellular glucan as adhesin that is important in the attachment mechanism of tooth surface. The natural substance can be used for preventing plaque formation by inhibiting the attachment of S. mutans. Soursop plant has been used in treating various diseases. The leaves of the soursop (Annona muricata L.) are used as a material to inhibit potential attachment of bacteria S. mutans. Common surfaces that is used in adhesion testing is hydroxyapatite (HA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (EESL) on the adhesion of S. mutans ATCC 35668 to HA discs. Soursop leaves were extracted by the maceration method using 70% ethanol. The experiment was carried out by analyzing the inhibition adhesion of S. mutans ATCC 35668 on HA discs after incubation with different concentrations of soursop leaf extract. The concentrations of extract tested were: 150; 125; 100; 75; and 50 mg/ml. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as a positive control while DMSO 5% was used a negative one. Data were evaluated by One Way Anova. This study statistically showed significant differences of S. mutans colony count between groups (p<0.05).The results of a post hoc Dunnett T3 test showed that the 2 highest concentrations of extract (125 and 150 mg/ml) reduced S. mutans adhesion on HA discs.The obtained results showed that ethanol extract of soursop leave inhibits the adherence of S. mutans to the HA disc.

Keywords

adhesion; ethanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.); hydroxyapatite discs; Streptococcus mutans

Full Text:

PDF

References

Lamont RJ, Jenkinson HF. Oral microbiology at a glance. Wiley-Blackwell. UK. 2008:34 – 35.

2. Marsh PD, Nyvad B. The oral microflora and biofilm on teeth. in Fejerskov O, Kidd E, (ed.): Dental caries the diseases and its clinical management 2^nd ed. Blackwell Munksgaard.UK. 2008: 164 – 178.

3. Brighenti FL, Luppens SBI, Delbem ACB, Deng DM, Hoogenkamp MA, Gaetti-Jardim JrE, Dekker HL, Crielaard W, Cate JM. Effect of Psidium cattleianum leaf extract on Streptococcus mutans viability, protein expression and acid production. Caries Res. 2008; 42: 148 – 154.

4. Marsh PD, Martin MV. Oral microbiology 5^thed. Churchill Livingstone. Elsevier. 2009: 80 – 85.

5. Nostro A, Cannatelli MA, Crisafi G, Musolino AD, Procopio F, Alonzo V. Modifications of hydrophobicity, in vitro adherence and cellular aggregation of Streptococcus mutans by Helichrysum italicum extract. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2004; 38: 423 – 427.

6. Tambunan S. Ensiklopedi tanaman obat tradisional. Materi Medika. Jakarta. 2011: 47 – 68.

7. Foong CP, Hamid RA. Evaluation of antiinflammatory activities of ethanolic extracts of Annona muricata leaves. Rev Bras Farmacogn Braz J Pharmacogn. 2012; 22(6): 1301 – 1307.

8. Rahman FA, Haniastuti T, Utami TW. Skrining fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) pada Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia. 2017; 3(1): 1 – 7.

9. ten Cate JM, Larsen MJ, Pearce EIF, Fejerskov O. Chemical interactions between the tooth and oral fluids in Fejerskov O and Kidd E, (ed.): Dental Caries The Diseases and its Clinical Management. 2^nd ed. Blackwell Munksgaard.UK. 2008: 210 – 213.

10. Guan YH, Lath DL, de Graaf T, Lilley TH, Brook AH. Moderation of oral bacterial adhesion on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite by polyaspartate. J Appl Microbiol. 2003; 94: 456 – 461.

11. Hauser-Gerspach I, Kulik EM, Weiger R, Decker EM, Von Ohle C, Meyer J. Adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to dental implant and restorative materials in vitro. Dent Mater J. 2007; 26(3): 361 – 366.

12. Lee D-H, Seo B-R, Kim H-Y, Gum G-C, Yu H-H, You H-K, Kang TH, You Y-O. Inhibitory effect of aralia continentalis on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 137: 979 – 984.

13. Anggraeni A, Yuliati A, Nirwana I. Perlekatan koloni Streptococcus mutans pada permukaan resin komposit sinar tampak. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia. 2005; 38(1): 8 – 11.

14. Forssten SD, Björklund M, Ouwehand AC. Streptococcus mutans, caries and simulation models. Nutrients. 2010; 2: 290 – 298.

15. Razak FA, Rahim ZHA. The anti-adherence effect of Piper betle and Psidium guajava extracts on the adhesion of early settlers in dental plaque to saliva-coated glass surfaces. J Oral Sci. 2003; 45(4): 201 – 206.

16. Banas JA. Virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans. Front BiosciLandmrk. 2004; 9: 1267 – 1277.

17. Hasan S, Danishuddin M, Khan AU. Inhibitory effect of Zingiber officinale towards Streptococcus mutans virulence and caries development: in vitro and in vivo studies. BMC Microbiol. 2015; 15(1): 1 – 14.

18. Khan R, Zakir M, Khanam Z, Shakil S, Khan AU. Novel compound from Trachyspermum ammi (ajowan caraway) seeds with antibiofilm and antiadherence activities against Streptococcus mutans: a potential chemotherapeutic agent against dental caries. J Appl Microbiol. 2010; 109: 2151 – 2159.

19. Aswal D, Beatrice L. Daya antibakteri ekstrak buah mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) terhadap Enterococcus faecalis (in vitro). J Dentika Dent. 2010; 6: 35.

20. Kumar S, Pandey AK. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. The Scientific World Journal. 2013; 1 – 16.

21. Agnol RD, Ferraz A, Bernardi AP, Albring D, Nor C, Sarmentom L, Lamb L, Hass M, von Poser G, Schapoval EES. Antimicrobial activity of some Hypericum species. Phytomedicine. 2003; 10: 511 – 516.

22. Bennick A. Interaction of plant polyphenols with salivary proteins. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002; 13(2): 184 – 196.