Pasar Kerja dan Migran Kembali di Kabupaten Perbatasan Kalimantan Barat-Sarawak

Fariastuti Djafar

doi:10.22146/mgi.94560

Pasar Kerja dan Migran Kembali di Kabupaten Perbatasan Kalimantan Barat-Sarawak

https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.94560

Fariastuti Djafar^(1*)

(1) Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Tanjungpura
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Abstrak. Pengalaman sebagai migran seharusnya dapat membantu migran kembali untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan yang lebih baik guna mengurangi tekanan ekonomi. Tekanan ekonomi cenderung mendorong warga untuk menjadi migran berulang yang sebagian berstatus ilegal. Sementara itu, Kabupaten Sambas berbatasan darat dengan Sarawak, Malaysia, yang banyak menawarkan pekerjaan berketerampilan rendah dengan upah yang relatif tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi pasar kerja lokal dan menginvestigasi jenis pekerjaan migran kembali. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder terutama yang bersumber dari BPS dan data primer yang dikumpulkan dengan melakukan wawancara terstruktur dan mendalam serta observasi nonpartisipasi. Hasil penelitian memberikan konfirmasi bahwa Sambas adalah sumber pekerja migran, di mana penawaran tenaga kerja perempuan usia muda lebih tinggi dari laki-laki. Penawaran tenaga kerja didominasi oleh tamatan sekolah menengah, sementara sebagian besar permintaan tenaga kerja adalah untuk tamatan SD atau lebih rendah. Permintaan tenaga kerja juga didominasi oleh sektor primer, buruh/karyawan bagi laki-laki serta pekerja tak dibayar bagi perempuan. Pasar kerja di Sambas telah menyebabkan pengalaman sebagai migran kurang berdampak terhadap jenis pekerjaan migran kembali. Sebagian besar pekerjaan responden saat kembali tidak jauh berbeda dengan pekerjaan saat migrasi. Tingkat upah yang lebih rendah di tempat asal pada akhirnya mendorong sebagian mantan migran kembali menjadi pekerja migran.

Abstract. The migration experience should help returning migrants find better jobs in their place of origin, reducing their economic pressures and the likelihood of re-migrating to Malaysia and working illegally. Meanwhile, Sambas district shares a land border with Sarawak which offers many low-skilled jobs with relatively high wages. This research used secondary data mainly published by Statistics Indonesia and primary data collected by conducting structured and in-depth interviews and non-participatory observation. Findings in this research confirm that Sambas as a source of labour migrants. That is indicated by the higher female than male labour supply in the 15-19 age group. The labour supply is dominated by high school graduates, while labour demand is mostly for completed primary education or less. Labour demand is also dominated by the primary sector, male labourers/employees and unpaid female workers. The job market in Sambas has made migration experience have less impact on the employment of returning migrants, as they mostly work in occupations similar to or worse than those during their migration. The low wage level in their place of origin ultimately encourages some former migrants to re-migrate for work.

Submitted: 2024-03-03 Revisions: 2024-04-26 Accepted: 2024-09-11 Published: 2024-09-25

Keywords

modal-manusia, migran-kembali, perbatasan.

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