Kajian Ekologi Bentanglahan dan Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Rencana Eksplorasi Panas Bumi

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan ekologi bentanglahan dan kondisi sosial masyarakat (pengetahuan, persepsi, tingkat penerimaan) serta merumuskan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan mengenai rencana dan dampak lingkungan dari eksplorasi panas bumi WKP Gunung Ciremai. Kajian perubahan ekologi bentanglahan dianalisis dengan metode Spatial Landscape Impact Assesment (SLIA) dan kajian kondisi sosial masyarakat dilakukan dengan pengambilan data kuisioner serta depth interview. Strategi pengelolaan lingkungan dirumuskan dengan pendekatan Pressure-State-Response (PSR). Hasil penelitian biofisik merujuk pada tiga aspek bentanglahan yakni area permukaan, reduksi kawasan lingkungan penting dan fragmentasi. Area permukaan yang diprediksi akan berubah seluas 42.060 m2 dan 0,05549 km2 kawasan lingkungan penting yang didominasi oleh kebun campur akan tereduksi. Sedangkan fragmentasi yang akan terjadi mengakibatkan perubahan struktur bentanglahan karena terjadinya penambahan jumlah patch dan koridor. Kondisi sosial masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas masyarakat tidak memiliki pemahaman yang cukup tentang rencana dan dampak eksplorasi panas bumi terhadap lingkungan. Masyarakat memiliki persepsi yang negatif terhadap rencana eksplorasi panas bumi sehingga 74% responden menyatakan menolak rencana eksplorasi panas bumi. Strategi pengelolaan lingkungan dianjurkan untuk dititikberatkan pada upaya subsitusi jasa ekosistem yang hilang akibat eksplorasi dan sosialisasi rencana intensif pada masyarakat.

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study is to assess the ecological landscape change in Mount Ciremai geothermal powerplant site and to examine public’s knowledge, perception and social acceptance about geothermal powerplant exploration and its environmental impact. Also this study aims to  formulate environmental management strategies based on the study of the landscape ecology and public perception about plan for geothermal exploration. This research was conducted in the Pajambon Village and Cisantana Village, Kuningan Regency. Ecological landscape change is analyzed by Spatial Landscape Impact Assesment (SLIA) and the social study was conducted using questionnaire approach and depth interview. Environmental management strategy was formulated using Pressure-State-Response (PSR) method. The results of ecological landscape change observed in three aspects: surface areas, reduction of environmentally important areas and landscape fragmentation. Geothermal exploration will transform the surface areas about 42,060 m2 and Mixed garden as environmentally important areas will be reducted by geothermal exploration about 0,05549 km2. While fragmentation will occur resulting in changes in the structure of the landscape due to the additional number of patches and corridors. Social conditions indicate that the majority of people lack of knowlodge of the geothermal exploration plans and the impact on environment. Public also have a negative perception of the geothermal exploration plan and that the public has a very low acceptance rate. It is shown from more than 74% respondent’s stated that they refuse the plan of the geothermal exploration in this area. To that end, responses reflect a considerable lack of public information on the subject. Environmental management strategy will be focused on the substitution of ecological/ ecosystem services loss because of the exploration and intensify of plan’s infomation to public.