* Corresponding Author
Penentuan Lokasi Optimal Stasiun Bike Sharing Dalam Mendukung Pariwisata di Kota Surakarta
https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.100545 Muhammad Rizal Fernandita Pamungkas(1*), Wartono Wartono(2), Danarti Karsono(3), Elisa Harlia Sandi(4), Allesandro Umbu Balla Rundi(5)
(1) Program Studi D-IV Sistem Informasi Kota Cerdas, Universitas Tunas Pembangunan, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(2) Program Studi D-IV Sistem Informasi Kota Cerdas, Universitas Tunas Pembangunan, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(3) Program Studi D-IV Sistem Informasi Kota Cerdas, Universitas Tunas Pembangunan, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(4) Magister Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Universitas Diponegoro
(5) Program Studi D-IV Sistem Informasi Kota Cerdas, Universitas Tunas Pembangunan, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Abstrak Tren pariwisata di Kota Surakarta terus berkembang seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah wisatawan dan kebutuhan transportasi yang ramah lingkungan. Meningkatnya wisatawan telah menambah masalah kemacetan dan emisi karbon sehingga diperlukan solusi mobilitas yang berkelanjutan. Sistem bike sharing menjadi salah satu solusi yang dapat mendukung mobilitas wisatawan dan mengurangi dampak lingkungan. Saat ini, Kota Surakarta telah memiliki transportasi wisata berupa Bus Werkudara dan kendaraan listrik khusus wisata. Peneliti melihat, potensi pengembangan moda transportasi sepeda untuk transportasi sebagai alternatif mobilitas mengingat Kota Surakarta sudah memiliki jalur sepeda serta transportasi umum yang cukup baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi optimal stasiun bike sharing yang mendukung kegiatan pariwisata di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian mendorong pentingnya mendukung pariwisata berkelanjutan yang juga memperkaya pengalaman wisatawan. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah komponen 4A yang mendukung aktivitas kepariwisataan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analytical hierarchy process dan analisis spasial multi kriteria untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penentuan lokasi optimal stasiun bike sharing untuk mendukung kegiatan pariwisata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 stasiun bike sharing yang dapat dikembangkan berdasarkan analisis AHP dan analisis spasial multi kriteria. Sebagian stasiun bike sharing memiliki jarak rata-rata kurang dari 3 kilometer menuju obyek-obyek wisata di Kota Surakarta. Pusat Kota Surakarta terutama di sepanjang koridor Jalan Slamet Riyadi merupakan lokasi yang paling sesuai untuk pengembangan stasiun bike sharing karena memiliki tingkat bikeability yang tinggi juga memiliki fasilitas pendukung kepariwisataan. Penempatan stasiun bike sharing dengan jarak antar stasiun sekitar 1 kilometer dinilai efektif untuk mendukung mobilitas wisatawan. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi bagi pemerintah daerah untuk memperkuat infrastruktur sepeda di area wisata utama.
Abstract The tourism trend in Surakarta City continues to grow along with the increasing number of tourists and the need for environmentally friendly transportation. The increase in tourists has added to the problem of congestion and carbon emissions so that a sustainable mobility solution is needed. Bike sharing system is one of the solutions that can support tourist mobility and reduce environmental impact. Currently, Surakarta City already has tourist transportation in the form of the Werkudara Bus and special tourist electric vehicles. The researcher sees the potential for developing bicycle transportation modes for transportation as an alternative mobility considering that Surakarta City already has bicycle lanes and good public transportation. This research aims to determine the optimal location of bike sharing stations that support tourism activities in Surakarta City. The research encourages the importance of supporting sustainable tourism that also enriches the tourist experience. The data used in this research is the 4A components that support tourism activities. This research uses the analytical hierarchy process method and multi-criteria spatial analysis to analyse the factors that influence the determination of the optimal location of bike sharing stations to support tourism activities. The results showed that there are 12 bike sharing stations that can be developed based on AHP analysis and multi-criteria spatial analysis. Most of the bike sharing stations have an average distance of less than 3 kilometres to tourist attractions in Surakarta City. Surakarta City Centre, especially along the Jalan Slamet Riyadi corridor, is the most suitable location for the development of bike sharing stations because it has a high level of bikeability and also has tourism support facilities. Placement of bike sharing stations with a distance of about 1 kilometre between stations is considered effective to support tourist mobility. In addition, the results of this study provide recommendations for local governments to strengthen bicycle infrastructure in major tourist areas.
dapat mendukung mobilitas wisatawan dan mengurangi dampak lingkungan. Saat ini, Kota Surakarta telah memiliki transportasi wisata berupa Bus Werkudara dan kendaraan listrik khusus wisata. Peneliti melihat, potensi pengembangan moda transportasi sepeda untuk transportasi sebagai alternatif mobilitas mengingat Kota Surakarta sudah memiliki jalur sepeda serta transportasi umum yang cukup baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi optimal stasiun bike sharing yang mendukung kegiatan pariwisata di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian mendorong pentingnya mendukung pariwisata berkelanjutan yang juga memperkaya pengalaman wisatawan. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah komponen 4A yang mendukung aktivitas kepariwisataan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analytical hierarchy process dan analisis spasial multi kriteria untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penentuan lokasi optimal stasiun bike sharing untuk mendukung kegiatan pariwisata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 stasiun bike sharing yang dapat dikembangkan berdasarkan analisis AHP dan analisis spasial multi kriteria. Sebagian stasiun bike sharing memiliki jarak rata-rata kurang dari 3 kilometer menuju obyek-obyek wisata di Kota Surakarta. Pusat Kota Surakarta terutama di sepanjang koridor Jalan Slamet Riyadi merupakan lokasi yang paling sesuai untuk pengembangan stasiun bike sharing karena memiliki tingkat bikeability yang tinggi juga memiliki fasilitas pendukung kepariwisataan. Penempatan stasiun bike sharing dengan jarak antar stasiun sekitar 1 kilometer dinilai efektif untuk mendukung mobilitas wisatawan. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi bagi pemerintah daerah untuk memperkuat infrastruktur sepeda di area wisata utama.
Submitted: 2024-10-09 Revisions: 2025-03-04 Accepted: 2025-03-13 Published: 2024-09-17
Keywords
References
Adha, R., & Tjahjanto, T. (2021). Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Lokasi Pembukaan Cabang Usaha Online Bicycle Indonesia Dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (Ahp) Dan Technique for Order Preference By Similarity To Ideal Solution (Topsis). Simetris: Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro Dan Ilmu Komputer, 11(2), 469–479. https://doi.org/10.24176/simet.v11i2.4650
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Surakarta. (2024). Kota Surakarta Dalam Angka Tahun 2024.
Bahadori, M. S., Gonçalves, A. B., & Moura, F. (2022). A GIS-MCDM Method for Ranking Potential Station Locations in the Expansion of Bike-Sharing Systems. Axioms, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11060263
Becker, S., von Schneidemesser, D., Caseiro, A., Götting, K., Schmitz, S., & von Schneidemesser, E. (2022). Pop-up cycling infrastructure as a niche innovation for sustainable transportation in European cities: An inter- and transdisciplinary case study of Berlin. Sustainable Cities and Society, 87, 104168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104168
Böcker, L., Anderson, E., Uteng, T. P., & Throndsen, T. (2020). Bike sharing use in conjunction to public transport: Exploring spatiotemporal, age and gender dimensions in Oslo, Norway. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 138, 389–401. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.06.009
Caggiani, L., Colovic, A., & Ottomanelli, M. (2020). An equality-based model for bike-sharing stations location in bicycle-public transport multimodal mobility. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 140, 251–265. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.08.015
Castañon, U. N., & Ribeiro, P. J. G. (2021). Bikeability and emerging phenomena in cycling: Exploratory analysis and review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042394
Chen, W., Chen, X., Cheng, L., Chen, J., & Tao, S. (2024). Locating new docked bike sharing stations considering demand suitability and spatial accessibility. Travel Behaviour and Society, 34, 100675. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100675
Chen, Z., van Lierop, D., & Ettema, D. (2022a). Dockless bike-sharing’s impact on mode substitution and influential factors: Evidence from Beijing, China. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 15(1), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2022.1983
Chen, Z., van Lierop, D., & Ettema, D. (2022b). Perceived accessibility: How access to dockless bike-sharing impacts activity participation. Travel Behaviour and Society, 27, 128–138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.01.002
Cheng, M., & Wei, W. (2020). An AHP-DEA Approach of the Bike-Sharing Spots Selection Problem in the Free-Floating Bike-Sharing System. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7823971
Chondrogianni, D., Stephanedes, Y. J., & Fatourou, P. (2023). Assessing Cycling Accessibility in Urban Areas through the Implementation of a New Cycling Scheme. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914472
Dellova, R., Bigoy, E. R., Jogno, J. J. G., Joson, E. J. S., Monterola, M. A., & Santos, S. J. T. (2023). Bicycle as a New Tourism Trend and Transportation in the New Normal. International Journal of Applied Research in Tourism and Hospitality, 1(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.52352/jarthy.v1i1.807
Grigore, E., Garrick, N., Fuhrer, R., & Axhausen, I. K. W. (2019). Bikeability in Basel. Transportation Research Record, 2673(6), 607–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119839982
Guler, D., & Yomralioglu, T. (2021). Location Evaluation of Bicycle Sharing System Stations and Cycling Infrastructures with Best Worst Method Using GIS. Professional Geographer, 73(3), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2021.1883446
Guo, T., Zhang, P., Shao, F., & Liu, Y. (2014). Allocation optimization of bicycle-sharing stations at scenic spots. Journal of Central South University, 21(8), 3396–3403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-014-2314-8
Hameed, S., Junejo, F., Jafr, N., Rashid, D., & Shoaib, F. (2021). Rent-A-Cycle (Smart Bicycle Sharing Service-IOT Based). Journal of Robotics and Mechanical Engineering, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.53996/2770-4122.jrme.1000104
Karim, R., Normah, Marzuki, A., Shah, A., & Muhammad, F. (2021). Impact of Supply Components-4As on Tourism Development: Case of Central Karakoram National Park, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, IX(Issue 1), 411–424. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/682
Karolemeas, C., Vassi, A., Tsigdinos, S., & Bakogiannis, D. E. (2022). Measure the ability of cities to be biked via weighted parameters, using GIS tools. The case study of Zografou in Greece. Transportation Research Procedia, 62, 59–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.02.008
Kellstedt, D. K., Spengler, J. O., Foster, M., Lee, C., & Maddock, J. E. (2021). A Scoping Review of Bikeability Assessment Methods. Journal of Community Health, 46(1), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00846-4
Krumpoch, S., Lindemann, U., Becker, C., Sieber, C. C., & Freiberger, E. (2021). Short distance analysis of the 400-meter walk test of mobility in community-dwelling older adults. Gait & Posture, 88, 60–65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.05.002
Kurniadhini, F., & Roychansyah, M. S. (2020). The suitability level of bike-sharing station in Yogyakarta using SMCA technique. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 451(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012033
Kota Surakarta. 2021. Peraturan Daerah Nomor 4 tahun 2021 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Surakarta tahun 2021 – 2041. Pemerintah Kota Surakarta: Kota Surakarta.
Kota Surakarta. 2016. Peraturan Daerah Nomor 13 tahun 2016 tentang Rencana Induk Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Daerah Tahun 2016-2026. Pemerintah Kota Surakarta: Kota Surakarta.
Lyu, Y., Cao, M., Zhang, Y., Yang, T., & Shi, C. (2021). Investigating users’ perspectives on the development of bike-sharing in Shanghai. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 40, 100543. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2020.100543
Mahajan, S., & Argota Sánchez-Vaquerizo, J. (2024). Global comparison of urban bike-sharing accessibility across 40 cities. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70706-x
Manifesty, O. R. (2019). Spatial Character of Tokyo’s Famous Tourist Attractions. Review of Urbanism and Architectural Studies, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ruas.2019.017.01.1
Molinillo, S., Ruiz-Montañez, M., & Liébana-Cabanillas, F. (2020). User characteristics influencing use of a bicycle-sharing system integrated into an intermodal transport network in Spain. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 14(7), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2019.1576812
Monterde-I-bort, H., Sucha, M., Risser, R., & Kochetova, T. (2022). Mobility Patterns and Mode Choice Preferences during the COVID-19 Situation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020768
Nikolaou, P., Basbas, S., Politis, I., & Borg, G. (2020). Trip and personal characteristics towards the intention to cycle in Larnaca, Cyprus: An EFA-SEM approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104250
Nilsson, J. H. (2019). Urban bicycle tourism: path dependencies and innovation in Greater Copenhagen. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(11), 1648–1662. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1650749
Reggiani, G., van Oijen, T., Hamedmoghadam, H., Daamen, W., Vu, H. L., & Hoogendoorn, S. (2022). Understanding bikeability: a methodology to assess urban networks. Transportation, 49(3), 897–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-021-10198-0
Šemrov, D., Rijavec, R., & Lipar, P. (2022). Dimensioning of Cycle Lanes Based on the Assessment of Comfort for Cyclists. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610172
Sugiama, A. G., Oktavia, H. C., & Karlina, M. (2022). The Effect of Tourism Infrastructure Asset Quality on Tourist Satisfaction: A Case on Forest Tourism in Tasikmalaya Regency. International Journal of Applied Sciences in Tourism and Events, 6(1), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.31940/ijaste.v6i1.65-71
Tan, H., & Du, S. (2021). The governance challenge within socio-technical transition processes: Public bicycles and smartphone-based bicycles in guangzhou, china. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169447
Wysling, L., & Purves, R. S. (2022). Where to improve cycling infrastructure? Assessing bicycle suitability and bikeability with open data in the city of Paris. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 15(May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100648
Zhang, G., Yang, H., Li, S., Wen, Y., Li, Y., & Liu, F. (2019). What is the best catchment area of bike share station? A study based on Divvy system in Chicago, USA. 2019 5th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS), 1226–1232. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTIS.2019.8883774
Zheyan Chen, D. van L., & Ettema, D. (2020). Dockless bike-sharing systems: what are the implications? Transport Reviews, 40(3), 333–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2019.1710306
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.100545
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 291
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 rijal pamungkas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Volume 35 No 2 the Year 2021 for Volume 39 No 1 the Year 2025
ISSN 0215-1790 (print) ISSN 2540-945X (online)