Perbedaan Gambaran Klinis dan Hasil Laboratorium antara Pasien COVID-19 dengan komorbid PPOK dan non-PPOK

Sitti Nurjanna; Zullies Ikawati; Nanang Munif Yasin

doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v20i4.88530

Perbedaan Gambaran Klinis dan Hasil Laboratorium antara Pasien COVID-19 dengan komorbid PPOK dan non-PPOK

https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v20i4.88530

Sitti Nurjanna⁽¹⁾, Zullies Ikawati^(2*), Nanang Munif Yasin⁽³⁾

(1) Mahasiswa Magister Farmasi Klinik, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Coronavirus disease-19 adalah infeksi virus yang sangat menular yang disebabkan oleh sindrom pernapasan akut parah Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Salah satu penyakit yang dikaitkan dengan resiko tinggi perparahan penyakit COVID-19 adalah orang dengan penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) karena COVID-19 mempengaruhi system pernafasan, kondisi kerusakan paru-paru pada pasien PPOK dapat menjadi penyebab akibat paru-paru sulit untuk melawan infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakteristik pasien COVID-19 non PPOK dengan pasien COVID-19 komorbid PPOK yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Gadjah Mada (RSA UGM) Yogyakarta pada tahun 2020 hingga 2022. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cohort retrospektif yang bersifat deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif berdasarkan sumber rekam medis beserta nilai laboratorium pasien. sampel yang memenuhi kritera inklusi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 67 pasien yang dipilih dengan metode consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian adanya perbedaan signifikan pada jenis kelamin (P = 0,002) dengan didominasi laki-laki (78,1%) pada kelompok PPOK dan paling banyak perempuan pada pasien non-PPOK (60%). Rentang usia pasien non-PPOK 40-60 tahun (51,4%) sedangkan pada kelompok komorbid PPOK lebih banyak berusia ≥60 tahun (93,8) (P = 0,000). Gambaran perbedaan karakteristik klinis dan temuan laboratorium kelompok pasien nonPPOK menunjukkan gejala paling umum adalah batuk (74,3), demam (57,1%), mual (45,7%) dan sesak (42,9%), sedangkan pasien dengan komorbid PPOK menunjukkan gejala paling umum ditemukan adalah sesak (90,6%), batuk (87,5%), demam (65,6%) dan lemas (50%). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada gejala lemas (P = 0,021) dan sesak (P = 0,000). Pada temuan nilai laboratoium pada kedua kelompok uji pasien non PPOK dan pasien dengan komorbid PPOK ditemukan paling banyak penurunan limfosit (80%; 100%), diikuti dengan kenaikan peningkatan jumlah neutrofil (85,7%; 93,8%) dan peningkatan angka leukosit (60%; 50%). Ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada hasil laboratorium anemia (P = 0,018), pneumonia (P = 0,004) dan Limfositopenia (P = 0,008).

Keywords

COVID-19; PPOK, Coronavirus disease-19; karaktersitik klinis; temuan laboratorium

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v20i4.88530