Formulasi Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Terenkapsulasi Nanopartikel Kitosan: Uji Aktivitas Secara In Vitro

Tatang Irianti

doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v20i2.86085

Formulasi Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Terenkapsulasi Nanopartikel Kitosan: Uji Aktivitas Secara In Vitro

https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v20i2.86085

Tatang Irianti^(1*)

(1) Gadjah Mada University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Hylocereus polyrhizus peel contains many flavonoid compounds that have potential to become sunscreen. Nanoparticle technology in sunscreen preparations has the advantage of increasing activation, surface area, and better diffusivity in protecting the skin. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical properties and determine the effectiveness of sunscreen cream with Ki-Ekubuname nanoparticles as an active substance. The ionic gelation method is used in the manufacture of nanoparticles by optimizing the speed and duration of stirring. Then made formulations with varying levels of active substance. Formulations were prepared with varying levels of the active substance (FA without active substance, FB with 6% Ekubuname, F1, F2, and F3 with 2%, 4%, and 6% Ki-Ekubuname, respectively). The creams formed were observed for physical, chemical properties and sunscreen activity with in vitro. The results showed that Ekubuname has a total flavonoids of 2.034 ± 0.094 mg QE/g. All sunscreen formulas with Ki-Ekubuname nanoparticle active substances meet SNI 16-4399-1996 standard. Nano-size active substances have better performance, as evidenced by higher SPF values. Formula F3 has the best characterization with a homogeneous appearance, light brown color, soft texture, distinctive aroma, pH 5, viscosity 4,768.25 ± 210.80 cps, adhesiveness 6.15 ± 0.25 seconds, spreadability 6.01 ± 0.10 cm, O/W cream type, and SPF value 17.41 (ultra protection category).

Keywords

flavonoids; Hylocereus polyrhizus peel; nanoparticles

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aji, A., 2020, Kosmetik Tabir Surya dan Alasan Pemilihan Produk yang Digunakan Mahasiswa Klaster Kesehatan Universitas Gadjah Mada, (Skripsi), Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Asih, I. A. R.; Adi, S. I. M., 2012, Senyawa Golongan Flavonoid Pada Ekstrak N-Butanol Kulit Batang Bungur (Lagerstroemia Speciosa Pers.), Jurnal Kimia (Journal Of Chemistry), Issn 2599-2740.

Azis, T., Febrizky, S. & Mario, A. D., 2014, Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut Terhadap Persen Yieldalkaloid dari Daun Salam India (Mucuna pruriens L.), Teknik Kimia, 20(2) : 1-6.

Chen, Z., Zhong, B., Barrow, C. J., Dunshea, F. R., & Suleria, H. A. R., 2021, Identification of phenolic compounds in Australian grown dragon fruits by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and determination of their antioxidant potential, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 14(6), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103151.

Damogalad, V., H.J. Edy, dan H.S. Supriati, 2013, Formulasi Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr) dan Uji In Vitro nilai Sun Protecting Factor (SPF), Pharmacon, 2(2), pp. 12- 16.

Delmifiana, B. dan Astuti, 2013, Pengaruh Sonikasi Terhadap Struktur dan Morfologi Nanopartikel Magnetik yang Disintesis dengan Metode Kopresipitasi, Jurnal Fisika Unand, 2(3).

Dewan Standarisasi Nasional, 1996, SNI. 16-4399-1996 Sediaan Tabir Surya, Dewan Standarisasi Nasional, Jakarta.

Dwi, N. A., 2019, Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas secara In Vitro Tabir Surya Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Suji (Pleomele angustifolia) dengan Variasi Kombinasi Tween 80 dan Setil Alkohol, (Skripsi), Universitas Wahid Hasyim, Semarang.

Elya, B., Dewi, R., dan Haqqi M., 2013, Antioksidan Cream of Solanum lycopersium L., Int. J. Pharmatech. Ress., 5(1):233-238.

Ergina, Nuryanti S., Pursitasari I. D., 2014, Uji Kualitatif Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Daun Palado (Agave Angustifolia) yang Diekstraksi dengan Pelarut Air dan Etanol, Jurnal Akademika Kimia, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 165-172.

Fitrianingsih, V., 2018, Optimasi Gelling Agent Karbopol, CMC Natrium, dan Gelatin Serta Uji Aktivitas Gel 3-Nitrokalkon Sebagai Tabir Surya Secara In Vitro, Skripsi, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 2012, FDA Rules Regulations for Sunscreen, diakses dari https://smartshield.com/news/reviews/54-resources/127-new-fda-rules-regulationsfor-sunscreen, diakses pada 21 Maret 2023.

Grace, F.X., C., Darsika, K.V., Sowmya, K., Suganya, S., dan Shanmuganathan, 2015, Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Peel Off Face Mask, American Journal of PharmTech Research, (5): 33-336.

Hanifah, A., 2016, Nanopartikel Ekstrak Biji Alpukat sebagai Bahan Aktif Tabir Surya pada Kosmetik, Skripsi. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

IQAir, 2020, World Air Quality Report, diakses dari https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-cities/world-air-quality-report-2020-en.pdf, diakses tanggal 10 Oktober 2022.

Kaur, C. D., dan Saraf, S., 2010, In vitro sun protection factor determination of herbal oils used in cosmetics. Pharmacognosy research, 2(1):22–25.

Kawashima, Y., Yamamoto, H., Takeuchi, H., Kuno, Y., 2000, Mucoadhesive DL-lactide/glycolide copolymer nanospheres coated with chitosan to improve oral delivery of elcatonin, Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 5(1): 77-85.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 1979, Farmakope Indonesia Edisi II, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2017, Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta.

Krutmann, J., Bouloc, A., Sore, G., Bernard, B. A., Passeron, T., 2017,The Skin Aging Exposome, J. Derm. Sci., 85 (3), pp. 152–161.

Kusnadi, E.T., dan Devi, 2017, Isolasi dan Identifikasi senyawa Flavonoid Pada Ekstrak Daun Sledri (Apium graveolens L.) dengan metode Refluks, PSEJ, 2(1). 56-67.

Kusuma, H.S., 2018, Pembuatan dan Karaketisasi Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Suji (Pleomele angustifolia) pada Berbagai Variasi Komposisi Kitosan, Skripsi, Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang.

Malvern, 2010, Zetasizer Nano ZS Training Course, UK Malvern, 1-120 p. 29.

Manihuruk, F. M., Suryati, T., & Arief, I. I., 2017, Effectiveness of the red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extract as the colorant, antioxidant, and antimicrobial on beef sausage, Media Peternakan, 40(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2017.40.1.47.

Mansur J., S., Breeder M., N., Azulay R., D., 1986, Determinação Do Fator de Proteção Solar Por Espectrofotometria, An. Bras. Dermatol, 61: 121–24.

Marchaban, Fudholi, A., Sulaiman, T.N.S., Mufrod, Martin, R., Bestari , A., 2019, Seri Buku Petunjuk Praktikum Teknologi Farmasi: Teknologi Formulasi Sediaan Cair Semi Padat, Laboratorium Teknologi Farmasi Fakultas Farmasi UGM, Yogyakarta.

Mohanraj U. J dan Y Chen, 2006, Nanoparticles – A Review, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(1):561-573.

Mulyani,T., Herda A, Rahimah., Selvia R., 2018, Formulasi dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Losion Ekstrak Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L.), J.Curr PharmSci, vol.2.No.1.

Napsah, R., & Wahyuningsih, I., 2014, Preparasi Nanopartikel Kitosan-TPP Ekstrak Etanol Daging Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleriamacrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl) dengan Metode Gelasi Ionik, Jurnal Farmasi Sains Dan Komunitas, Vol. 11(No. 1).

Niah, R., Baharsyah, R. N., Farmasi, A., Banjarmasin, I., Kunci, K., Buah, K., & Merah, N., 2018, Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Naga Merah Super (Hyclocereus costaricencis), Jurnal Pharmascience, 05(01), 14–21. http://jps.unlam.ac.id/.

Nidhin, M., Indumathy, R., Sreeram, K.J., Nair, B. U., 2008, Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles of Narrow Size Distribution on Polysaccharide Templates, Buleten Mat, SCI, 31 (1), 93-96.

Novianti, H. R., Maryani, E., Eddy, D. R., Solihudin, Arifiadi, F., & Idamayanti, D., 2022, Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Zirkonia Terstabilkan Kalsium (CSZ) Berbasis Prekursor Zirkonium Hidroksida dari Pasir Zirkon Menggunakan Templat Etilen Glikol, Chimica et Natura Acta, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.24198/cna.v10.n2.40335.

Padamwar, M. N., Pokharkar, V., 2006, Development of Vitamin Loaded Topical Liposomal Formulation Using Factorial Design Approach: Drug Deposition and Stability, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 320(1-2):37-44.

Patra, J.K., Das, G., Fraceto, L.F., Campos, E.V.R., Rodriguez-Torres, M.D.P., Acosta-Torres, L.S., Diaz-Torres, L.A., Grillo, R., Swamy, M.K., Sharma, S., and Habtemariam, S. 2018. Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. Journal of nanobiotechnology. 16(1):1-33.

Peres, D. A., De Oliveira, C. A., Costal, 2015, Rutin Increases Critical Wavelength Of Systems Containing A Single Uv Filter And With Good Skin Compatibility, Skin Research and Technology, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 325–333.

Prastiyani, H., 2021, Uji Kadar Flavonoid Total dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus), (SKRIPSI), Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas dr.Soebandi, Jember.

Puspitasari, A. D., Mulangsri, D. A. K., dan Herlina, H., 2018, Formulasi Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) untuk Kesehatan Kulit, Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 28(4).

Rahmawanty, D., Effionora, A., Anton, B., 2014, Formulasi Gel Menggunakan Ikan Haruan (Channa striatus) Sebagai Penyembuh Luka, Media Farmasi, 11(1): 29-40.

Ramli, N. S., Ismail, P., & Rahmat, A., 2014, Influence of conventional and ultrasonic-assisted extraction on phenolic contents, betacyanin contents, and antioxidant capacity of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Scientific World Journal, 2014.

Rif’atul, A. Y., 2017, Uji Potensi Tabir Surya Ekstrak Kulit Buah Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Secara In Vitro, Skripsi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Makassar.

Salmia, 2016, Analisis Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Kulit Batang Kedondong Bangkok (Spondias dulcis) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis, (Skripsi), Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, Makassar.

Septiannisa, M., 2020, Pembuatan Dan Penentuan Nilai SPF (Sun Protecting Factor) Sediaan Krim Tabir Surya Dari Limbah Sisik Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos), (Skripsi), Program Studi DIII Farmasi Politeknik Harapan Bersama Tegal, Tegal.

Soltanzadeh, M., Peighambardoust, S. H., Ghanbarzadeh, B., Mohammadi, M., dan Lorenzo, J. M., 2021, Chitosan nanoparticles as a promising nanomaterial for encapsulation of pomegranate (Punica granatum l.) peel extract as a natural source of antioxidants, Nanomaterials, 11(6), https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11061439.

Speisky, H.; Shahidi, F.; Costa de Camargo, A.; Fuentes, J., 2022, Revisiting the Oxidation of Flavonoids: Loss, Conservation or Enhancement of Their Antioxidant Properties, MDPI, 11, 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox 11010133.

Suharyanto, & Prima, D. A. N., 2020, Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total pada Juice Daun Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) yang Berpotensi sebagai Hepatoprotektor dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis, Cendekia Journal of Pharmacy, 4(No 2). http://cjp.jurnal.stikescendekiautamakudus.ac.id.

Supraba, W., Juliantoni, Y., & Ananto, A. D., 2021, The Effect of Stirring Speeds to the Entrapment Efficiency in a Nanoparticles Formulation of Java Pluma seed Ethanol Extract (Syzygium cumini), Acta Chimica Asiana, 4(1), 197–103. https://doi.org/10.29303/aca.v4i1.50.

Taharuddin, N. H., Jumaidin, R., Mansor, M. R., Yusof, F. A. M., & Alamjuri, R. H., 2023, Characterization of Potential Cellulose from Hylocereus Polyrhizus (Dragon Fruit) peel: A Study on Physicochemical and Thermal Properties, Journal of Renewable Materials, 11(1), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2022.021528.

Tanuwidjaja, J., 2021, Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Penggunaan Tabir Surya pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan, (Skripsi), Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jakarta.

Tranggono, R. I., Latifah, F., 2007, Buku Pegangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Kosmetik, 6-8, PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.

Underwood, A. L, dan Day, R. A. Jr., 1986, Analisa Kimia Kuantitatif, Erlangga, Jakarta.

Utomo, D., Betty Elok Kristiani & Mahardika, E., 2020, The Effect of Growth Location on Flavonoid, Phenolic, Chlorophyll, Carotenoid and Antioxidant Activity Levels in Horse Whip (Stachytarpheta Jamaicensis), Bioma 22(2), 143–149.

Vincent, Irianti, T., Sulaiman, T. N. S., 2023, Optimasi Kecepatan dan Durasi Pengadukan dalam Pembuatan Nanopartikel Kitosan Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Dengan Metode Gelasi Ionik, Majalah Pharmaseutik, Yogyakarta.

Voight, R., 1995, Buku Pelajaran Teknologi Farmasi, Edisi V, 382, 442, diterjemahkan oleh Soendari Noerno Soewandhi, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.

Wahdaningsih, S., Wahyuono, S., Riyanto, S., & Murwanti, R., 2018, Antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C. weber) britton and rose) isolates using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11(1), 124–128. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.21519.

Wilkinson, J. B. dan Moore, R. J., 1982, Harry’s Cosmeticology, 7th Ed., Chemical Publishing, New York.

Wu, C. Y., 2005, Nanoparticles and the environment, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 55(6), 708–746. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2005.10464656.

Yuliawati, K., Lukmayani, Y., & Maharani Patricia, V., 2022, Pengujian Aktivitas Antioksidan Menggunakan Metode FRAP dan Penentuan Kadar Fenol Total pada Ekstrak Air Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus). In Pengujian Aktivitas Antioksidan, Journal of Pharmacopolium, Vol. 5, Issue 2.

Zamarron, A., Lorrio, S., Gonzalez, S., Juarranz, A., 2018, Fernblock Prevents Dermal Cell Damage Induced by Visible and Infrared A Radiation, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19 (8), 2250.

Zulkarnain A. K., Marchaban M., Wahyuono S., dan Susidarti R. A., 2015, SPF In Vitro and The Physical Stability of O/W Cream Optimal Formula From The Partition Product of Mahkota Dewa {Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl}, Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 26 (4), pp. 210-218.

Zulkifli, S. A., Gani, S. S. A., Zaidan, U. H., & Halmi, M. I. E., 2020, Optimization of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Defatted Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Seed Extract and Its Antioxidant Properties, Molecules, 25(4), https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040787.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v20i2.86085