Potensi Tanaman Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) sebagai Antibakteri

Yohana Maria Bina; Yoanes Fransiskus Regis Widyo Utomo; Anandha Nabila Prjanaparamita; Jullius Ivan Mahadhika; Maria Theresia Mawarni; Dewi Setyaningsih; Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto

doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v18i4.70337

Potensi Tanaman Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) sebagai Antibakteri

https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v18i4.70337

Yohana Maria Bina⁽¹⁾, Yoanes Fransiskus Regis Widyo Utomo⁽²⁾, Anandha Nabila Prjanaparamita⁽³⁾, Jullius Ivan Mahadhika⁽⁴⁾, Maria Theresia Mawarni⁽⁵⁾, Dewi Setyaningsih⁽⁶⁾, Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto^(7*)

(1) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta
(2) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta
(3) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta
(4) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta
(5) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta
(6) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta
(7) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Tingginya curah hujan dan rendahnya sanitasi dapat mengakibatkan munculnya berbagai infeksi oleh bakteri. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, agen antibakteri yang sesuai dapat digunakan. Resistensi antibiotik merupakan masalah global yang mendesak menyebabkan berkurangnya efektivitas antibiotik dalam mengatasi infeksi bakteri. Permasalahan ini perlu diatasi dengan pencarian alternatif senyawa dengan aktivitas antimikroba, termasuk yang berasal dari bahan alam. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) merupakan tanaman yang berasal dari Indonesia dan Malaysia, serta tersebar di Asia Tenggara. Tanaman rambutan telah terbukti memiliki khasiat dalam pengobatan, seperti antelmintik dan antidiare. Beberapa penelitian ilmiah telah menunjukkan bahwa daun, biji, dan kulit buah rambutan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Aktivitas tersebut ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak atau fraksi yang diperoleh melalui berbagai metode dan pelarut yang berbeda. Aktivitas antibakteri ini dapat timbul karena adanya kandungan berbagai senyawa, termasuk senyawa-senyawa fenolik, seperti geraniin, ellagic acid, kuersetin, dan corilagin. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri dari tanaman rambutan terhadap bakteri yang resisten. Artikel review ini disusun menggunakan metode studi pustaka melalui penelusuran artikel penelitian, artikel ilmiah, dan review jurnal pada database elektronik seperti internet, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, dan Elsevier. Artikel review ini bertujuan untuk membahas dan memberikan informasi hasil penelitian terbaru terkait aktivitas antibakteri tanaman rambutan yang diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi acuan para peneliti di masa mendatang untuk mengambangkan riset yang terkait.

Keywords

antibakteri; fitokimia; rambutan; Nephelium lappaceum L.; resistensi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v18i4.70337