Isolasi atau Integrasi Sosial: Peran Kualitas Pertemanan dalam Menunjang Kepuasan Hidup Dewasa Muda Lajang di Indonesia
Giofanny Jessica Kaparang(1*), Karel Karsten Himawan(2)
(1) Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang RELASI Research Lab, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang
(2) Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang RELASI Research Lab, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Marriage is a normative practice in Indonesia. As a result, many view marriage as a social achievement rather than a personal choice. This attitude could impact the psychological well-being of single individuals as they receive marriage pressures and associated stigma from their communities. This quantitative study aims to explore the role of friendship quality on life satisfaction among non-dating unmarried young adults in Indonesia. Friendship Quality Scale (FQS) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were employed to measure the quality of friendship and the life satisfaction of 121 unmarried young adults who is not in a romantic relationship in Indonesia (Mage = 29.98; SD = 3.849), as approached through purposive sampling. Result of this study confirmed a significant contribution (49.4%) of friendship quality to the life satisfaction of male participants, but the results among the females was found insignificant.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbott, Krista L. 1999. “Never-married older adults: Gender differences in life satisfaction.” Tesis, University of Guelph.
Altman, Douglas G., dan J. Martin Bland. 1995. “Statistics notes: the normal distribution.” Bmj 310(6975):298.
Amati, Viviana, Silvia Meggiolaro, Giulia Rivellini, dan Susanna Zaccarin. 2018. “Social relations and life satisfaction: the role of friends.” Genus 74(1):1–18. doi: 10.1186/s41118-018-0032-z.
Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS]. 2020. Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2020.
Biddle, Nicholas, Matthew Gray, dan Jieh Yung Lo. 2020. “The experience of Asian-Australians during the COVID-19 pandemic: Discrimination and wellbeing.” Australian National University. Online, available: https://csrm. cass. anu. edu. au/research/publications/experience-asian-australians-during-COVID-19-pandemic-discrimination-and [Accessed 3 November 2020].
Bland, J. Martin, dan Douglas G. Altman. 1997. “Statistics notes: Cronbach’s alpha.” Bmj 314(7080):572.
Bukowski, William M., Betsy Hoza, dan Michel Boivin. 1994. “Measuring friendship quality during pre-and early adolescence: The development and psychometric properties of the Friendship Qualities Scale.” Journal of social and Personal Relationships 11(3):471–84.
Christie, Yohana, Hartanti Hartanti, dan Nanik Nanik. 2013. “Perbedaan Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Wanita Lajang Ditinjau dari Tipe Wanita Lajang.” Calyptra 2(1):1–16.
Cowan, Henry R. 2019. “Can a good life be unsatisfying? Within-person dynamics of life satisfaction and psychological well-being in late midlife.” Psychological Science 30(5):697–710.
Dales, Laura. 2014. “Ohitorisama, singlehood and agency in Japan.” Asian Studies Review 38(2):224–42.
Dalton, Sandra T. 1992. “Lived experience of never-married women.” Issues in Mental Health Nursing 13(2):69–80. doi: 10.3109/01612849209040523.
Dariyo, Agoes. 2017. “Hubungan antara persahabatan dan kecerdasan emosi dengan kepuasan hidup remaja.” Jurnal Psikogenesis 5(2):168–79.
DeGenova, Mary Kay. 2011. Intimate relationships, marriages, and families. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Dhamayantie, Endang. 2018. “Peranan dukungan sosial pada interaksi positif pekerjaan-keluarga dan kepuasan hidup.” EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 18(2):181–200. doi: 10.24034/j25485024.y2014.v18.i2.142.
Diener, Ed, Robert A. Emmons, Randy J. Larsem, dan Sharon Griffin. 1985. “The Satisfaction With Life Scale.” Journal of Personality Assessment 49(1):71–75. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.
Elliott, Alan C., dan Wayne A. Woodward. 2007. Statistical analysis quick reference guidebook: With SPSS examples. Sage.
Elliott, Kathleen. 2018. “Challenging toxic masculinity in schools and society.” On the Horizon 26(1):17–22. doi: 10.1108/OTH-11-2017-0088.
Fiona, Kanti. 2013. “Pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap kualitas hidup penderita skizofrenia.” Jurnal Psikologi Kepribadian dan Sosial Universitas Airlangga 2(3):106–13.
Gravetter, Frederick J., dan Lori-ann B. Forzano. 2012. Research methods for the behavioral science (4th ed.). 4th editio. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Hapma, Hamdi. 2017. “Emansipasi wanita di era globalisasi dalam perspektif hukum Islam.” Maqosid: Jurnal Studi Keislaman dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 8(2 SE-):1–13.
Harared, Nico. 2018. “Slang created and used in 1CAK. COM Site: A sociolinguistics study.” Humaniora 9(2):119–27. doi: 10.21512/humaniora.v9i2.4262.
Headey, Bruce, dan Ruud Muffels. 2018. “A theory of life satisfaction dynamics: Stability, change and volatility in 25-year life trajectories in Germany.” Social Indicators Research 140(2):837–66.
Himawan, Karel Karsten. 2019. “Either I do or I must: An exploration of the marriage attitudes of Indonesian singles.” Social Science Journal 56(2):220–27. doi: 10.1016/j.soscij.2018.07.007.
Himawan, Karel Karsten. 2020a. “Menikah adalah ibadah: Peran agama dalam mengkonstruksi pengalaman melajang di Indonesia.” Jurnal Studi Pemuda 9(2):120–35. doi: 10.21512/humaniora.v9i2.4262.
Himawan, Karel Karsten. 2020b. “The single’s struggle: Discovering involuntary singleness in indonesia through gender and religious perspectives.” The Family Journal 28(4):379–89.
Himawan, Karel Karsten, Matthew Bambling, dan Sisira Edirippulige. 2018a. “The Asian single profiles: Discovering many faces of never married adults in Asia.” Journal of Family Issues 39(14):3667–89. doi: 10.1177/0192513X18789205.
Himawan, Karel Karsten, Matthew Bambling, dan Sisira Edirippulige. 2018b. “What does it mean to be single in Indonesia? Religiosity, social stigma, and marital status among never-married Indonesian adults.” Sage Open 8(3):2158244018803132.
Himawan, Karel Karsten, Matthew Bambling, dan Sisira Edirippulige. 2019. “Modernization and singlehood in Indonesia: Psychological and social impacts.” Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 40(2):499–506.
Himawan, Karel Karsten, Mair Underwood, Matthew Bambling, dan Sisira Edirippulige. 2021. “Being single when marriage is the norm: Internet use and the well-being of never-married adults in Indonesia.” Current Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01367-6.
Himawan, Karel Karsten, Matthew Bambling, dan Sisira Edirippulige. 2021. “Motivations and reactions to social undervaluation of single people in married society: an Indonesian perspective.” Families, Relationships and Societies.
Hurlock, Elizabeth Bergner. 2009. “Psikologi perkembangan: suatu perkembangan sepanjang rentang kehidupan.” Jakarta: Erlangga.
Intan, Tania, dan Susi Machdalena. 2021. “Stigma perempuan lajang dan perkawinan dalam metrotop 90 hari mencari cinta karya Ken Terate.” Mabasan 145–64.
Jasmi, Desi Mufirda, dan Nurmina Nurmina. 2019. “Perbedaan Kualitas Persahabatan Remaja di Kota Bukittinggi ditinjau dari Jenis Kelamin.” Jurnal Riset Psikologi 2019(1).
Jones, T. R., W. H. G. Roberts, E. J. Steig, K. M. Cuffey, B. R. Markle, dan J. W. C. White. 2018. “Southern Hemisphere climate variability forced by Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet topography.” Nature 554(7692):351–55. doi: 10.1038/nature24669.
Khasanah, Nur. 2017. “Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan usia pernikahan wanita di kecamatan Wonosari kabupaten Gunung Kidul provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.” Medika Respati: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 12(1):104–18. doi: 10.35842/mr.v12i1.8.
Kumalasari, Dyah. 2007. “Single professional women sebagai fenomena gaya hidup baru di masyarakat Yogyakarta (Studi kasus: Kabupaten Sleman).” Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah FISE UNY [on-line].
Kurniati, Gracilia, Hartanti Hartanti, dan Nanik Nanik. 2014. “Psychological Well Being Pada Pria Lajang Dewasa Madya.” CALYPTRA 2(2):1–17.
Kusumawardhani, Sri Juwita, dan E. Kristi Poerwandari. 2018. “Efektivitas Acceptance Commitment Therapy dalam Meningkatkan Subjective Well-Being pada Dewasa Muda Pasca Putusnya Hubungan Pacaran.” Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi MIND SET 9(01):78–97.
Lempang, Giofanny F., Wingga Walenta, Khalisa A. Rahma, Nova Retalista, Fransiska J. Maluegha, dan Firman Ichsan Putra Utomo. 2021. “Depresi Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 pada Masyarakat Perkotaan (Studi Literatur).” Pamator Journal 14(1):66–71.
Lesthaeghe, Ron. 2010. “The unfolding story of the second demographic transition.” Population and development review 36(2):211–51.
Lutfiyah, Nurul. 2017. “Hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan subjective well-being pada anak jalanan di wilayah depok.” Jurnal Psikologi 020(2):152–59.
Mami, Lutfita. 2015. “Harga diri, dukungan sosial dan psychological well being perempuan dewasa yang masih lajang.” Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia 4(3).
Markievicz, Dorothy, Mara Brendgen, Dorothy Markiewicz, Anna Beth Doyle, dan William M. Bukowski. 2001. “The relations between friendship quality, ranked-friendship preference, and adolescents’ behavior with their friends.” Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 395–415.
Masitha, Karina Ayuni. 2019. “Pengaruh religiusitas, pola asuh orang tua, dan dukungan sosial terhadap kepuasan hidup mahasiswa.” skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Nanik, Nanik, Mareyke M. W. Tairas, dan Wiwin Hendriani. 2018. “‘She is a spinster’: A descriptive study on perception toward single women.” International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7(2.29):1–9. doi: 10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.139 95.
Noviana, Catarina Laboure Dian, dan Eunike Sri Tyas Suci. 2010. “Konflik intrapersonal wanita lajang terhadap tuntutan orangtua untuk menikah.” Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia VII(1):9–16.
Nursaptini, Muhammad Sobri, Deni Sutisna, Muhammad Syazali, dan Arif Widodo. 2019. “Budaya patriarki dan akses perempuan dalam pendidikan.” Jurnal Al-Maiyyah 12(2):16–26.
Oktawirawan, Dwi Hardani, dan Ananta Yudiarso. 2020. “Analisis Dampak Sosial, Budaya, dan Psikologis Lajang di Indonesia.” Pamator Journal 13(2):213–17.
Pallant, J. 2020. SPSS Survival Manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. Taylor & Francis.
Pradhan, Rabindra, Pratishtha Bhattacharyya, dan Shubhangi Goswami. 2018. “Perceived quality of friendship and life satisfaction of students: moderating role of emotional intelligence.” Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology 44(2):208–17.
Pratama, Luthfi Anjar jati, dan Achmad Mujab Masykur. 2020. “Interpretative phenomenological analysis tentang pengalaman wanita dewasa madya yang masih melajang.” Jurnal Empati 7(2):745–54.
Primanita, Ni Made Diah, dan Made Diah Lestari. 2018. “Proses penyesuaian diri dan sosial pada perempuan usia dewasa madya yang hidup melajang.” Jurnal Psikologi Udayana 5(1):86–98.
Putri, Frisca. 2017. “Psychological well-being wanita dewasa lajang (ditinjau dari empat tipe wanita lajang menurut Stein).” Motivasi 4(1):45–59.
Raboteg-Saric, Zora, dan Marija Sakic. 2014. “Relations of parenting styles and friendship quality to self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness in adolescents.” Applied Research in Quality of Life 9(3):749–65.
Raymo, James M., Hyunjoon Park, Yu Xie, dan Wei-jun Jean Yeung. 2015. “Marriage and family in East Asia: Continuity and change.” Annual Review of Sociology 41:471–92.
Rifani, Dira Anjania, dan Dedi Rianto Rahadi. 2021. “Ketidakstabilan Emosi dan Mood Masyarakat Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19.” Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis 18(1):22–34.
Rogers, Pamela N. 2013. “A qualitative study of the life satisfaction of single divorced women in leadership.” Disertasi, Bowling Green State University.
Ryan, Richard M., dan Edward L. Deci. 2017. Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications.
Salsabila, Savitri Mega, dan Anastasia Sri Maryatmi. 2019. “Hubungan kualitas pertemanan dan self disclosure dengan subjective well-being pada remaja putri kelas XII di SMA Negeri ‘X’ kota Bekasi.” IKRA-ITH HUMANIORA: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 3(3):71–82.
Schrauwers, Albert. 2000. “Three weddings and a performance: marriage, households, and development in the highlands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.” American Ethnologist 27(4):855–76.
Selan, Marlenda T., Engelina Nabuasa, dan Yeni Damayanti. 2020. “Subjective well-being pada wanita dewasa awal yang belum menikah.” Journal of Health and Behavioral Science 2(3):213–26. doi: 10.35508/jhbs.v2i3.2719.
Septiana, Ema, dan Muhammad Syafiq. 2013. “Identitas ‘lajang’(single identity) dan stigma: Studi fenomenologi perempuan lajang di Surabaya.” Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan 4(1):71–86. doi: 10.26740/jptt.v4n1.p71-86.
Stefanie, Stefanie. 2016. “Self openness in building close dyadic relations between opposing gender.” Ultimacomm: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 8(2 SE-Articles). doi: https://doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v8i2.947.
Syoraya, Indah. 2015. “Psychological well-being pada wanita lajang ditinjau dari konsep diri, gaya hidup wanita karir dan pola coping positif.”
Tan, JooEan. 2010. “Social relationships in the modem age: Never-married women in Bangkok, Jakarta and Manila.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 41, No. 5.
Tandiono, Indira Mustika, dan Jaka Santosa Sudagijono. 2016. “Gambaran subjective well-being pada wanita usia dewasa madya yang hidup melajang.” EXPERIENTIA: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia 4(2):49–64. doi: 10.33508/EXP.V4I2.896.
Thien, Lei Mee, Nordin Abd Razak, dan Hazri Jamil. 2012. “Friendship quality scale: Conceptualization, development and validation.” Australian Association for Research in Education (NJ1).
Thompson, Laura M., Natalie L. Tuck, Sarah D. Pressman, dan Nathan S. Consedine. 2020. “Real Men Don’t Cry: Skill Expressing Discrete Emotions Differentially Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Men and Women.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 54(1):49–60. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaz024.
Upadyaya, Katja, dan Katariina Salmela-Aro. 2017. “Developmental dynamics between young adults’ life satisfaction and engagement with studies and work.” Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 8(1):20–34.
Utomo, Ariane, dan Oki Rahadianto Sutopo. 2020. “Pemuda, perkawinan, dan perubahan sosial di Indonesia.” Jurnal Studi Pemuda 9(2):77–87. doi: 10.22146/studipemudaugm.60144.
Wang, Haiping, dan Douglas A. Abbott. 2013. “Waiting for Mr. Right: The meaning of being a single educated Chinese female over 30 in Beijing and Guangzhou.” Hal. 222–29 in Women’s Studies International Forum. Vol. 40. Elsevier.
Wibowo, Dwi Edi. 2011. “Peran ganda perempuan dan kesetaraan gender.” Jurnal Muwazah 3(1):356–64.
Wong, Odalia M. H. 2005. “The socioeconomic determinants of the age at first marriage among women in Hong Kong.” Journal of Family and Economic Issues 26(4):529–50.
Yasir, Yasir, dan Natasha Cindy. 2016. “Representasi Meme Jomblo dalam Situs Jejaring Sosial Twitter (Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes).” Jurnal Online Mahasiswa, Vol. 3(2)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.71463
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 5718 | views : 7474Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Studi Pemuda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Studi Pemuda (Online ISSN 2527-3639; Print ISSN 2252-9020) is published by the Youth Studies Centre in collaboration with Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. |