Lead (Pb)-Resistant Bacteria Improve Brassica chinensis Biomass and Reduce Pb Concentration in Pb-Contaminated Soil

https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.86174

Beauty Laras Setia Pertiwi(1), Reni Ustiatik(2*), Yulia Nuraini(3)

(1) Master of Soil and Water Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
(2) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
(3) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Applications of inorganic fertilisers  and pesticides frequently increase lead (Pb) content in the soil and food crops. This study aims to isolate Pb-resistant bacteria and test the isolated bacteria in reducing Pb concentration and increasing biomass production of Brassica chinensis on Pb-contaminated soil.  Soil and plant samples were collected from agricultural land in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia. The isolated bacteria were tested for Pb resistance and then characterised  according to 16S rRNA Sequence. A pot trial with a completely randomised  block design consisting of 9 treatments and 3 replications was set to determine the effect of Pb-resistant bacteria inoculation on Pb residue, plant growth, and soil nutrients. The result showed that the isolated Pb-resistant bacteria were Bacillus wiedmannii and Bacillus altitudinis. The bacteria were resistant to Pb up to 10,000 mg/L PbNO3. Inoculation of the bacteria increased B. chinensis growth and biomass production, namely increasing the number of leaves (12%) and dry weight (35%).  Also, the bacteria reduced Pb residue in the soil by up to 88%. Moreover, soil essential nutrients such as total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium increased (12%, 73%, and 200%, respectively) after the application of Pb-resistant bacteria. The bacteria have the potential for bioremediation of Pb-contaminated soils on a large scale due to the bacteria prevent Pb uptake by food crops such as B. chinensis by reducing Pb content in the soil, which is good for food safety and environmental sustainability.

 


Keywords


Bioremediation; Environmental Sustainability; Inorganic Fertilizers; Lead-Resistant Bacteria; Pesticides; Phytoremediation

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abure, T., 2022. Status of Soil Acidity under Different Land Use Types and Soil Depths: The Case of Hojje Watershed of Gomibora District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2022, 7060766. doi: 10.1155/2022/7060766.

Alengebawy, A. et al., 2021. Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks and human health implications. Toxics, 9(3), pp.1–34. doi: 10.3390/toxics9030042.

Alexandratos, N. & Bruinsma, J., 2012. WORLD AGRICULTURE TOWARDS 2030/2050, Rome. doi: 10.1126/science.abo7429.

Astuti, R.D.P., Mallongi, A. & Rauf, A.U., 2021. Risk identification of Hg and Pb in soil: a case study from Pangkep Regency, Indonesia. Soil Science Annual, 72(1), 135394. doi: 10.37501/soilsa/135394.

Bhat, B.A. et al., 2022. The role of plant-associated rhizobacteria in plant growth, biocontrol and abiotic stress management. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 133(5), pp.2717–2741. doi: 10.1111/jam.15796.

Bisht, N. & Chauhan, P.S., 2020. Excessive and Disproportionate Use of Chemicals Cause Soil Contamination and Nutritional Stress. In Soil Contamination-Threats and Sustainable Solutions. InTech. doi: 10.5772/17205

Boechat, C.L. et al., 2018. Metal-resistant rhizobacteria change soluble-exchangeable fraction in multi-metalcontaminated soil samples. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, 42, e0170266. doi: 10.1590/18069657rbcs20170266.

CCME - Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 1999. Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health, Available at: http://energy.alberta.ca/BioEnergy/pdfs/HeavyMetalReport.pdf%5Cnhttp://ceqg-rcqe.ccme.ca/download/en/269.

Dar, M.A. et al., 2021. Valorization potential of a novel bacterial strain, Bacillus altitudinis RSP75, towards lignocellulose bioconversion: An assessment of symbiotic bacteria from the stored grain pest, Tribolium castaneum. Microorganisms, 9(9), 1952. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091952.

Defarge, N., Spiroux de Vendômois, J. & Séralini, G.E., 2018. Toxicity of formulants and heavy metals in glyphosate-based herbicides and other pesticides. Toxicology Reports, 5(December 2017), pp.156–163. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.025.

Dixit, R. et al., 2015. Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Soil and Aquatic Environment: An Overview of Principles and Criteria of Fundamental Processes. Sustainability, 7(2015), pp.2189–2212. doi: 10.3390/su7022189.

Fallahzadeh-Mamaghani, V. et al., 2023. Possible mechanisms of action of Bacillus wiedmannii AzBw1, a biocontrol agent of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 33, 28. doi: 10.1186/s41938-023-00668-1.

Felix, K.A. et al., 2015. Assessment of the level of soil degradation in three watersheds affected by intensive farming practices in Benin. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 3(6), pp.529–540. doi: 10.18006/2015.3(6).529.540.

Hafeez, F. et al., 2018. Isolation and characterization of a lead (Pb) tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain HF5 for decolorization of reactive red-120 and other azo dyes. Annals of Microbiology, 68(12), pp.943–952. doi: 10.1007/s13213-018-1403-6.

Han, H. et al., 2020. Heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria increase the biomass and reduce the Cd and Pb uptake by pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) in heavy metal-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 195, 110375. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110375.

Indonesia Soil Research Agency, 2005. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air dan Pupuk, Balai Penelitian Tanah, Departemen Pertanian.

Kalkan, S., 2022. Heavy metal resistance of marine bacteria on the sediments of the Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 179, 113652. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113652.

Kamaruzzaman, M.A. et al., 2020. Characterisation of Pb-RESISTANT plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from Scirpus grossus. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 23, 101456. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101456.

Kumar, A. et al., 2020. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria: Biological Tools for the Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Plants. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 1216. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01216.

Kumar, B.L. & Gopal, D.V.R.S., 2015. Effective role of indigenous microorganisms for sustainable environment. 3 Biotech, 5(6), pp.867–876. doi: 10.1007/s13205-015-0293-6.

Kumar, S. et al., 2022. Lead ( Pb ) Contamination in Agricultural Products and Human Health Risk Assessment in Bangladesh. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 233, 257. doi: 10.1007/s11270-022-05711-9.

Li, Q. et al., 2023. Mechanism of lead adsorption by a Bacillus cereus strain with indole-3-acetic acid secretion and inorganic phosphorus dissolution functions. BMC Microbiology, 23(1), 57. doi: 10.1186/s12866-023-02795-z.

Li, X. et al., 2016. Bioremediation of lead contaminated soil with Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Chemosphere, 156, pp.228–235. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.098.

Mallongi, A. et al., 2022. Identification source and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic metal in soil samples around karst watershed of Pangkajene, Indonesia. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 17, 100634. doi: 10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100634.

Manzoor, M. et al., 2019. Metal tolerance of arsenic-resistant bacteria and their ability to promote plant growth of Pteris vittata in Pb-contaminated soil. Science of the Total Environment, 660, pp.18–24. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.013.

Mariyono, J., 2019. Stepping up from subsistence to commercial intensive farming to enhance welfare of farmer households in Indonesia. Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, 6(2), pp.246–265. doi: 10.1002/app5.276.

Miller, R.A. et al., 2016. Bacillus wiedmannii sp. nov., a psychrotolerant and cytotoxic bacillus cereus group species isolated from dairy foods and dairy environments. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 66(11), pp.4744–4753. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001421.

Naik, M.M. & Dubey, S.K., 2013. Lead resistant bacteria: Lead resistance mechanisms, their applications in lead bioremediation and biomonitoring. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 98, pp.1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.039.

Najm-Ul-seher et al., 2021. Lead-tolerant bacillus strains promote growth and antioxidant activities of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) treated with sewage water. Agronomy, 11(12), 2482. doi: 10.3390/agronomy11122482.

Ojuederie, O.B. & Babalola, O.O., 2017. Microbial and plant-assisted bioremediation of heavy metal polluted environments: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(12), 1504. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14121504.

Qin, S. et al., 2023. Improving radish phosphorus utilization efficiency and inhibiting Cd and Pb uptake by using heavy metal-immobilizing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Science of the Total Environment, 868, 161685. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161685.

Rosariastuti, R. et al., 2019. Soil Bioremediation of lead (Pb) polluted paddy field using Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa), Rhizobium sp. I3, compost, and inorganic fertilizer. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 230, 012014. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/230/1/012014.

Roszak, M. et al., 2021. Development of an autochthonous microbial consortium for enhanced bioremediation of pah-contaminated soil. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(24), 13469. doi: 10.3390/ijms222413469.

Sánchez-Bayo, F., 2021. Indirect effect of pesticides on insects and other arthropods. Toxics, 9(8), 177. doi: 10.3390/toxics9080177.

Sharma, A. et al., 2019. Worldwide pesticide usage and its impacts on ecosystem. SN Applied Sciences, 1, 1446. doi: 10.1007/s42452-019-1485-1.

Shivaji, S. et al., 2006. Bacillus aerius sp. nov., Bacillus aerophilus sp. nov., Bacillus stratosphericus sp. nov. and Bacillus altitudinis sp. nov., isolated from cryogenic tubes used for collecting air samples from high altitudes. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 56(7), pp.1465–1473. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.64029-0.

Singh, S. & Hiranmai, R.Y., 2021. Monitoring and molecular characterization of bacterial species in heavy metals contaminated roadside soil of selected region along NH 8A, Gujarat. Heliyon, 7(11), e08284. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08284.

Teng, Z. et al., 2019. Characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from heavy metal contaminated soils and their potential for lead immobilization. Journal of Environmental Management, 231, pp.189–197. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.012.

Ustiatik, R. et al., 2022. Mercury resistance and plant growth promoting traits of endophytic bacteria isolated from mercury-contaminated soil. Bioremediation Journal, 26(3), pp.208–227. doi: 10.1080/10889868.2021.1973950.

Yue, Z. et al., 2019. Microbiological insights into the stress-alleviating property of an endophytic Bacillus altitudinis WR10 in wheat under low-phosphorus and high-salinity stresses. Microorganisms, 7(11), 508. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7110508.

Zhang, D. et al., 2021. Endophytic Bacillus altitudinis Strain Uses Different Novelty Molecular Pathways to Enhance Plant Growth. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 692313. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692313.

Zhu, X. et al., 2022. Bioremediation of lead-contaminated soil by inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria immobilized on biochar. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 237, 113524. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113524.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.86174

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 993 | views : 635

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Editoral address:

Faculty of Biology, UGM

Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)