Flower Structures of Averrhoa dolichocarpa Rugayah & Sunarti

https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.74585

Tri Yuni Indah Wulansari(1*), Seni Kurnia Senjaya(2), Inggit Puji Astuti(3)

(1) Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indoneisa
(2) Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indoneisa
(3) Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanical Gardens and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Ir. H. Djuanda No.13, Bogor 16122, West Java, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Hermaphrodites are believed to be the ancestral characters of flowering plants. However, plants have developed spatially and functionally in arrangements to reduce the chances of self-fertilization. One well-known spatial arrangement is heterostyly. This arrangement is found in almost all Oxalidaceae species, including Averrhoa spp. The question that arises with the discovery of two new species of Averrhoa is how the spatial flower arrangement of the new species is. This study observed flowers of A. dolichocarpa to prove heterostyly of the species. We also compared morphological and anatomical characteristics among flower morphs of A. dolichocarpa. Three flower morphs, S-morph, M-morph, and L-morph, were observed, proving that A. dolichocarpa is tristyly. Morphologically and anatomically, there was no significant difference between the three flower morphs. Differences in morphometry were found in three flower morphs. In addition to the notable differences in style length in heterostyly, differences in ovary height between flower morphs were observed. The flower morphology and anatomy of A. dolichocarpa are similar to that of A. carambola and A. bilimbi and follow the general pattern of Oxalidaceae.

 


Keywords


floral anatomy; heterostyly; morphometry

Full Text:

PDF


References

Barrett, S.C.H., 1992. Heterostylous Genetic Polymorphisms: Model Systems for Evolutionary Analysis. In Evolution and Function of Heterostyly. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp.1-24.

Barrett, S.C.H., 1993. The evolutionary biology of tristyly. In: Futuyma, D.J., Antonovics, J. (Eds), Oxford surveys in evolutionary biology, Vol. 9. Oxford, UK): Oxford University Press, pp.283–326.

Barrett, S.C.H., 2002. The evolution of plant sexual diversity. Nature Reviews Genetics, 3(4), pp.274–284. doi: 10.1038/nrg776

Barrett, S.C.H. & Harder, L.D., 2017. The ecology of mating and its evolutionary consequences in seed plants. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 48(1), pp.135–157. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-023021

Charlesworth, D. & Willis, J.H., 2009. The genetics of inbreeding depression. Nature Review Genetics, 10, pp.783–796. doi: 10.1038/nrg2664.

Cocucci, A.A., 2004. Oxalidaceae. In The Families Genera Of Vascular Plants Volume VI. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp.285-290.

Darwin, C., 1877. Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of The Same Species. London, UK: John Mueray, Albemarle Street. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Estelita-Teixeira, M.E., 1980. Floral Vascularization in Oxalidaceae. Boletim de Botanica da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 8, pp.75-85.

Kapsah, Dorly, & Astuti, I.P., 2016. Morfologi dan viabilitas polen pada dua spesies belimbing hutan (Averrhoa dolichocarpa dan A. leucopetala). Buletin Kebun Raya, 19(2), pp.79–90.

Lloyd, D.G. & Webb, C.J., 1992. The evolution of heterostyly. In: Barrett SCH, ed. Evolution and function of heterostyly. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, pp. 151–178.

Matthews, M.L. & Endress, P., 2002. Comparative floral structure and systematics in Oxalidales (Oxalidaceae, Connaraceae, Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Tremandraceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 140(4), pp.321–381. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00105.x

Rugayah & Sunarti, S., 2008. Two new wild species of Averrhoa (Oxalidaceae) from Indonesia. Reinwardtia, 12(4), pp.325–331.

Rosenfeldt, S & Galati, B.G., 2009. The structure of the stigma and the style of Oxalis spp. (Oxalidaceae). Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 136 (1), pp. 33–45.

Sass, J.E., 1951. Botanical Microtechnique 2nd edition. Iowa, USA: The IOWA State College Press.

Sauquet, H. et al., 2017. The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its early diversification. Nature Communications 8:16047. doi: 10.1038/ncomms16047

Soumya, S.L. & Nair, B.R., 2013. Floral morphological features and variability in two species of Averrhoa L. (Oxalidaceae). The International Journal of Plant Reproductive Biology, 5(2), pp. 200–209.

Thompson, J.D. et al., 1996. Tristyly in the endangered Mascarene Island endemic Hugonia serrata (Linaceae). American Journal of Botany, 83, pp. 1160–1167. doi: 10.2307/2446199.

Veldkamp, J.F., 1967. A revision of Sarcotheca BL. and Dapania Korth. (Oxalidaceae). Blumea, 20 (2), pp. 519–543.

Veldkamp, J.F., 1971. Oxalidaceae. Flora Malesiana series I Vol 7. Jakarta, ID: Noordhoff-Kolff. pp. 151–178.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.74585

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1173 | views : 874

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Editoral address:

Faculty of Biology, UGM

Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)