* Corresponding Author
Phytoplankton Diversity as a Bioindicator of Water Quality Mangrove Ecosystems in Clungup Mangrove Conservation, Kondang Merak and Sempu Island, Malang Regency
https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.73002 Satria Cahya Febriansyah(1), Luchman Hakim(2), Saptoyo Saptoyo(3), Catur Retnaningdyah(4*)
(1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Jl. Veteran, East Jawa, 65145 Indonesia
(2) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Jl. Veteran, East Jawa, 65145 Indonesia
(3) Sendang Biru Bhakti Alam Foundation, Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang Regency, 65176 Indonesia
(4) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Jl. Veteran, East Jawa, 65145 Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Local community groups have handled damage to the mangrove ecosystem on the coast of South Malang by carrying out restoration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality in the restoration mangrove ecosystem based on phytoplankton diversity as bioindicators. A water and phytoplankton sampling was repeated three times with a depth of about 10-15 cm (below the surface water) at each location consisting of 4 restored mangrove ecosystems in Clungup Mangrove Conservation (CMC) and Kondang Merak as well as one natural mangrove ecosystem in Teluk Semut, Sempu Island, Malang Regency. Water quality parameters include water temperature, air temperature, conductivity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, and orthophosphate content. The biotic index includes the Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) as an indicator of water nutrient content and Percentage Pollution Tolerance Value (%PTV) as an indicator of organic pollution. The water quality in the five mangrove ecosystems of CMC, Kondang Merak, and Teluk Semut has met the water quality standard for marine biota except for DO, nitrate, and orthophosphate content in several locations. Water quality in five mangrove ecosystems CMC, Kondang Merak, and Teluk Semut based on phytoplankton indicators did not show any contamination with toxic materials (H’). Based on TDI, it is categorized as eutrophic – hypereutrophic, except at the reference site of Teluk Semut mangrove; based on PTV polluted with moderate to high organic matter except at the reference site locations, namely Teluk Semut, and CMC 2. Thus, a location that has good phytoplankton bioindicators is Teluk Semut.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adesuyi, A.A. et al., 2015. Nitrate and phosphate pollution in surface water of Nwaja Creek, Port Harcourt, Niger Delta, Nigeria. International Journal of Geology, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 3(5), pp.14-20. http://www.woarjournals.org/IJGAES.
Amalia, N., Kusumawati, A. & Hakim, L., 2018. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan desa wisata serta dampaknya terhadap perekonomian warga di Desa Tulungrejo Kota Batu. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 61(3), pp.48-56.
American Public Health Association (APHA)., 2005. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, twentieth edition, Washington DC: APHA-AWWA-WEF, pp.2-18.
Anyanwu, L.T. & Solomon, J.R., 2015. Physio-chemical parameters of fish pond used for Dutch clarias hybrid fed coconut chaff and bambara nuts. Afr. J. Environ. Pollut. Health, 11, pp.1-10.
Asuk, S.A. et al., 2018. Species composition and diversity of mangrove swamp forest in Southern Nigeria. International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology Research, 3(2), pp.166‒171. doi: 10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00078.
Bellinger, E.G. & Sigee, D.C., 2010. Freshwater algae identification and use as bioindicators, Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell Ltd.
Bao, H. et al., 2020. Resources and environmental pressure, carrying capacity, and governance: A case study of Yangtze River economic belt. Sustainability, 12, 1576. doi: 10.3390/su12041576.
Çulha, S.T. et al., 2022. The effect of anthropogenic activities on nutrient parameters in the North Eastern Mediterranean (Bay of Sığacık/Aegean Sea). Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 51(2), pp.189-202. doi: 10.26881/oandhs-2022.2.07.
Du Buf, H. & Bayer, M.M., 2002. Automatic diatom identification, London: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
Eddy, S. et al., 2021. Anthropogenic drivers of mangrove loss and associated carbon emissions in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Forests, 12, 187. doi: 10.3390/f12020187.
Effendi, H. et al., 2016. Distribution of phytoplankton diversity and abundance in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33, pp.496 – 504. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.102.
Febriansyah, S.C. & Retnaningdyah, C., 2021. Evaluation of the effect of age of cultivation of dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus) on changes in pond water quality using plankton as bioindicator in Gondosuli Village, Tulungagung Regency. Journal of Tropical Biology, 9(2), pp.144-152. doi: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.02.07.
Ferreira-Marinho et al., 2014. Effect of addition of Navicula sp. on plankton composition and postlarvae growth of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in culture tanks with zero water exchange. Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 42(3), pp.427-437. doi: 103856/vol42-issue3-fulltext-4.
Gao, K. & Zheng, Y., 2010. Combined effects of ocean acidification and solar UV radiation on photosynthesis, growth, pigmentation and calcification of the coralline alga Corallina sessilis (Rhodophyta). Glob Chang Biol., 16, pp.2388−2398. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02113.x.
Gell, P.A. et al., 1999. An illustrated key to common diatom genera from Southern Australia, Albury: Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology.
Giri, C. et al., 2008. Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics (1975-2005) of the tsunami-affected region of Asia. J. of Biogeography, 35, pp. 519-528. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2699.2007.01806.x.
Hakim, L., Siswanto, D. & Nakagoshi, N., 2017. Mangrove conservation in East Java: The ecotourism development perspectives. The Journal of Tropical Life Science, 7(3), pp.277-285. doi: 10.11594/jtls.07.03.14.
Han, L. et al., 2016. Effect of nitrogen/phosphorus concentration on algal organic matter generation of the diatom Nitzschia palea: Total indicators and spectroscopic characterization. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 47, pp. 130-142. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.02.002.
Hatzikos, E.V. et al., 2008. An empirical study on sea water quality prediction. Knowledge-Based Systems, 21(6), pp. 471-478. doi: 10.1016/j.knosys.2008.03.005.
Hilmi E., Sari L.K. & Amron, 2020. The prediction of plankton diversity and abundance in mangrove ecosystem. Omni-Akuatika, 3, pp.1-13. doi: 10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.3.843.
Imaduddien, M.R. & Krisnadi, I.G., 2020. Konservasi mangrove oleh masyarakat pesisir Malang Selatan 2012 – 2016. Historia, 2(2), pp. 215 – 234.
Inyang, A.I. & Wang, Y.S., 2020. Phytoplankton diversity and community responses to physicochemical variables in mangrove zones of Guangzhou Province, China. Ecotoxicology, 29(6), pp.650-668. doi: 10.1007/s10646-020-02209-0.
Junaidi, M. & Azhar, F., 2018. Community structure of phytoplankton and its relationship to waters quality in Lombok Strait, North Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography, 12(2), pp.159-172.
Kelly, M.G. & Whitton, B.A., 1995. The trophic diatom index: a new index for monitoring eutrophication in river. Journal of Applied Phycology, 7, pp.433-444. doi: 10.1007/BF00003802.
Khairnar, S.O., Solanki, B.V. & Junwei, L., 2013. Mangrove ecosystem - Its threats and conservation, Shandong: Aqua.
López-Portillo, J. et al., 2017. Mangrove forest restoration and rehabilitation (Chapter 10), Veracruz: Springer International Publishing.
Malik, A., Fensholt, R. & Mertz, O., 2015. Mangrove exploitation effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Biodivers Conserv., 24, pp.3543–3557. doi: 10.1007/s10531-015-10154.
MENLH., 2021. Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 (Lampiran 8) tentang Baku Mutu Air Laut. Jakarta.
Nichols, C.R., Zinnert, J. & Young, D.R., 2019. Tomorrow’s coasts: Complex and impermanent (degradation of coastal ecosystems: causes, impacts and mitigation efforts (Chap. 8)), Ellicott City: Springer International Publishing.
Onyema, I.C., 2013. Phytoplankton bio-indicators of water quality situations in the Iyagbe Lagoon, South-Western Nigeria. Journal of Life & Physical Sciences (actaSATECH), 4(2), pp.93-107.
Pourafrasyabi, M. & Ramezanpour, Z., 2012. Phytoplankton as bioindicator of water quality in Sefid Rud River – Iran (South Caspian Sea). Caspian J. Env. Sci., 12(1), pp.31-40.
Pour, H.R. et al., 2014. Determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) without nitrification and mineral oxidant bacteria interferences by carbonate turbidimetry. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(5), pp.90-95.
Rahmania, R. et al., 2019. Evaluating the effectiveness of mangroves rehabilitation efforts by comparing the beta diversity of rehabilitated and natural mangroves. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 404, 012070. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/404/1/012070.
Ridhoi, R., Restanti, N.A.D. & Novel, M., 2020. Potensi edutourism di Pesisir Selatan Malang, Jawa Timur, Malang: Naila Pustaka.
Rohila, A.K. et al., 2017. Impact of agricultural practices on environment. Asian Jr. of Microbiol. Biotech. Env. Sc., 19(2), pp. 145-148.
Rudianto, R, Bengen, D.G. & Kurniawan, F., 2020. Causes and effects of mangrove ecosystem damage on carbon stocks and absorption in East Java, Indonesia. Sustainability, 12(24), 10319. doi: 10.3390/su122410319.
Saifullah, A.S.M. et al., 2016. Phytoplankton in tropical mangrove estuaries: role and interdependency. Forest Science and Technology, 12(2), pp.104-113. doi: 10.1080/21580103.2015.1077479.
Saputra, D.K. et al., 2020. Habitat management based on mangrove sensitivity assesment in Tulungagung coastal area. Journal of Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine, 7(2), pp.258-267. doi: 10.21776/ub.ecsofim.2020.007.02.11.
Saputro, G.B. et al., 2009. Peta mangroves Indonesia. Pusat survey sumber daya alam laut, Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional (BAKOSURTANAL), pp.329.
Serosero, R.H., Abubakar, S. & Hasan, S., 2020. Distribution and community structure of mangrove in Donrotu, Guratu and Manomadehe Islands, West Halmahera District, North Maluku. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 12(1), pp.151-166. doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i1.26929.
Singh, S., James, A. & Bharose, R., 2017. Biological assessment of water pollution using periphyton productivity: A Review. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 16(2), pp.559-567.
Taylor, J.C., Harding, W.R. & Archibald, C.G.M., 2007. An illustrated guide to some common diatom species from South Africa, Pretoria: Water Research Commission.
Van Vuuren, J.V.S. et al., 2006. Easy identification of the most common freshwater algae: A guide for the identification of microscopic algae in South African Freshwater, Pretoria: North-West University and Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.
Wassie, T.A. & Melese, A.W., 2017. Impact of physicochemical parameters on phytoplankton compositions and abundances in Selameko Manmade Reservoir, Debre Tabor, South Gondar, Ethiopia. Appl Water Sci., 7, pp.1791–1798. doi: 10.1007/s13201-015-0352-5.
Wirabumi, P., 2017. Plankton community structure in the reservoir Wadaslintang Wonosobo District. Jurnal Prodi Biologi, 6(3), pp.174-184.
Wu, N., Schmalz, B. & Fohrer, N., 2014. Study progress in riverine phytoplankton and its use as bio-indicator – a Review. Austin J Hydrol., 1(1), pp.9-17.
Yuliana et al., 2012. Hubungan antara kelimpahan fitoplankton dengan parameter fisik kimiawi perairan di Teluk Jakarta. Jurnal Akuatika, 3(2), pp.169-170.
Zhang, Y. et al., 2021. Characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure and water quality evaluation in autumn in the Huaihe River (China). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18, 12092. doi: 10.3390/ ijerph182212092.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.73002
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 911
| 
views : 1098
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Editoral address:
Faculty of Biology, UGM
Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)