Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Campuran Ekstrak Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura) terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Bacillus subtilis

https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.13728

Syuhuud Arumbinang Wajdi(1), Sri Kasmiyati(2*), Susanti Puji Hastuti(3)

(1) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
(2) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
(3) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Moringa oleifera and Muntingia calabura leaves have been reported to have an antibacterial activity that could inhibit the growth of gram positive and negative bacteria. However, the antibacterial activity of mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves has not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to test antibacterial activity of the mixed extract of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The experiment was conducted by agar disc diffusion method using three groups of extract treatments i.e. M.oleifera seeds extract, M.calabura leaves extract, and mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves with a ratio of 1: 1 (v / v). The extraction of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves was conducted by soxhlation method and using ethanol as solvent. The three groups of extract treatments with a concentration of 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1200 ppm, and 1600 ppm were tested on P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity test of M. oleifera seed extract against B. subtilis carried out at the level of concentrations i.e. 150 ppm, 300 ppm, 450 ppm, 600 ppm, and 750 ppm, meanwhile,  M. calabura leaves extract was done at concentration 1500 ppm, 3000 ppm, 4500 ppm, 6000 ppm, and 7500 ppm. The result showed that the three groups of extract treatments possess antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves with a ratio of 1: 1 (v / v) at level concentration of 400 ppm and 800 ppm were tested against P. aeruginosa significantly increased, and at concentrations of 1200 ppm and 1600 ppm significantly decreased  the inhibition diameter of bacterial growth than the other extracts treatments. The antibacterial test results of M.oleifera seeds extract and M.calabura leaves extract against B. subtilis shows that increased concentrations of the extract significantly increase the inhibition diameter of bacterial growth especially at high concentrations ( 600 ppm and 750 ppm) on M. oleifera seeds extract, as well as 6000 ppm and 7500 ppm in M. calabura leaves extract.


Keywords


Moringa oleifera; Muntingia calabura; antibacteria; extract; seed



References

Agustie, A. W. D. dan Samsumaharto, R.A. 2013. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak maserasi daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Biomedika 6(2): 14 -19. Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Setia Budi Surakarta.

Agung G., Nengah I., Kerta dan Hapsari. 2013. Daya hambat perasan daun sirsak terhadap Escherichia coli. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus 2(2): 162-169

AOAC. 1984. Official Methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. (W. Horwitz, ed.). Association of Official Analytical chemists (AOAC), Washington, DC.

Ajibesin, K. K., Ekpo, B. A., Bala, D. N., Essien, E.E., Adesanya, S. A. (2008). Ethanobotanical survey of akwa lbom state of Nigeria. Journal of Ethanopharmacology, 115(3):387-408.

Aizah, A. 2004. Sensitivitas Salmonella typhimurium terhadap Ekstrak Daun Psidium guajava L. Bioscientiae. 1(1): 31-38.

Cheeke, R.. P., 2004. Saponins: surprising benefits of desert plants. Linus Pailing Institute, USA, p.621-632.

Hariyanto dan Subiandono, E. 1991. Pemanfaatan jenis tumbuhan obat dan hutan tropis Indonesia. Jurusan Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan. Bogor.

Jahn, S. A, Musnad, H. A, Burgstaller H. The tree that purifies water: cultivating multipurpose Moringaceae in the Sudan. Unasylva. 1986;38:23-8.

Jawetz, E., 1975, Synergism and antagonism among antimicrobial drugs. The Westren Journal of Medicine, 123, 87-91.

Jawetz, E., J.L. Melnick., E. A. Adelberg., G.F. Brooks., J.S. Butel., dan L.N.Ornston. 1995. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Edisi ke-20 (Alih bahasa: Nugroho & R.F.Maulany). Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. hal.211,213,215.

Juliantina, Citra, Nirwani, Nurmasitoh, T dan Bowo E.T. 2009. Manfaat sirih merah (Piper crocatum) sebagai agen antibakterial terhadap bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif. Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia 1(1): 12-20.

Kitula, R. A. (2007). Use of medicinal plants for human health in Udzungwa mountains forests: a case study of New Dabaga Ulongambi Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 3:7.

Morales,. G, P. Sierra, Mancilla, A. Paredes, L.A., Loyola, O. Gallardo, and J. Bourquez. 2003. Secondary metabolits of four medicinal plants from Nothern Chiles, antimicrobial activity, and biotoxicity against Artemia salina. J. Chile Chem 48(2):35-41

Morton, J.F., 1987. Jamaica Cherry. In Fruit of Warm Climate. Miami, pp:65-69.

Naelaz, Z. W. K., 2014. Aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi minyak atsiri kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) dengan kloramfenikol atau gentasimin terhadap Salmonella typhi. Skripsi Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Noorhamdani., Herman dan Dian. 2010. Uji ekstrak daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro. Skripsi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya. Malang.

Nshimo, C. M, Pezzuto, J. M, Kinghorn, A. D, Farnsworth, N. R (1993). Cytotoxic constituents of Muntingia calabura leaves and stems collected in Thailand. Int. J. Pharmacol. 31: 77-81.

Purwaningsih, R.T, Puguh Surjowardojo dan Susilorin, E.T. 2015. Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura, L.) dengan Pelarut Ether dan Metanol sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus agalactiae Penyebab Mastitis Subklinis pada Sapi Perah. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Brawijaya.

Radji, M. 2011. Mikrobiologi.Buku Kedokteran ECG. Jakarta. Hal: 154-159.

Schlegel, H.G.m dan Schmidt, K. 1994. Mikrobiologi Umum. Edisi Keenam. Terjemahan oleh Baskoro, T. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.

Setiabudy, R., dan Gan, V.H.S. 1995. Farmakologi Terapi: Pengantar Antimikroba. Bagian Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta. Hal: 571-583.

Teja, D. S, Morina A, Novrianto T. 2006. Buah kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) tanaman ajaib yang dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi kadar ion logam dalam air. Jurnal Gradien Vol.3 No.1 Januari 2007 : 219-221.

Wu, J., Jiang, Z., Chen, H., Lu, G, Zhao, Z. (2008). Ethnobothanical study of medicinal plants used by hakka in Guangdong, China. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 117(1): 41-50.

Widjajanti, N., 1989, Obat – Obatan, Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta.

Yuliani, R., Rima M, Setyaningsih, E.P dan Alin Januartie. 2014. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura). Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muhammadiah Surakarta.

Zakaria Z. A, Mat A. M, Mastura M, Mat S. H, Mohamed A. M, Moch Jamil N.S, Rofiee M.S and Sulaiman M.R. 2007. In vitro Antistaphylococcal Activity of the Extract of Several Neglected Plants in Malaysia. International Journal of Pharmacology. 3 (5): 428-431.

Zakaria, Z. A., A. S. Sufian, K. Ramasamy, N. Ahmat, M. R. Sulaiman, A. K. Arifah, A. Zuraini, dan M. N. Somchit. 2010. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Muntingia Calabura extracts and fractions. African Journal of Microbiology Research 4(4): 304-308.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.13728

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 8842 | views : 13763

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Editoral address:

Faculty of Biology, UGM

Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)