Studi Pengaruh Variabel Proses dan Kinetika Ekstraksi Nikel dari Bijih Nikel Laterit Menggunakan Larutan Asam Sulfat pada  Tekanan Atmosferik

Wahab Wahab; Erwin Anshari; Marwan Zam Mili; WD. Rizky Awaliah Nafiu; Muh. Nuzul Khaq; Daniyatno Daniyatno; Firdaus Firdaus; Yayat Iman Supriyatna

doi:10.22146/jrekpros.61533

Studi Pengaruh Variabel Proses dan Kinetika Ekstraksi Nikel dari Bijih Nikel Laterit Menggunakan Larutan Asam Sulfat pada Tekanan Atmosferik

https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.61533

Wahab Wahab^(1*), Erwin Anshari⁽²⁾, Marwan Zam Mili⁽³⁾, WD. Rizky Awaliah Nafiu⁽⁴⁾, Muh. Nuzul Khaq⁽⁵⁾, Daniyatno Daniyatno⁽⁶⁾, Firdaus Firdaus⁽⁷⁾, Yayat Iman Supriyatna⁽⁸⁾

(1) Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonou Kendari, 93132, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
(2) Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonou Kendari, 93132, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
(3) Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonou Kendari, 93132, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
(4) Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonou Kendari, 93132, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
(5) Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonou Kendari, 93132, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
(6) Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonou Kendari, 93132, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
(7) Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan H.E.A. Mokodompit Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonou Kendari, 93132, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
(8) Balai Penelitian Teknologi Mineral, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Jalan Ir. Sutami Km 15, Tanjung Bintang, 35361, Lampung Selatan,
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Leaching at atmospheric pressure is one of the leaching methods of concern because it has several advantages, namely that it can process low-level nickel ore, can operate at temperatures >100 ⁰C at atmospheric pressure, and can be used in saprolite and limonite ores. In this research, nickel extraction from nickel laterite ore was carried out using sulfuric acid solution (H₂SO₄) as a leaching agent. The variables that were varied in the leaching process were temperature (30, 60, and 90 ⁰C), sulfuric acid concentration (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 molar) and leaching time (30, 60, and 90 minutes). In this study, a 3-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to see the significance of the variable effects and the order of the most influential variables. In addition, leaching kinetics was studied by shrinking core models to determine rate determining step. The results showed that the increase in temperature, sulfuric acid and leaching time produced a higher percentage of extracted nickel. Based on the 3-factor ANOVA, the order of the most influential variables was obtained, namely temperature, acid concentration and leaching time. The kinetics analysis showed that rate determining step of leaching ore nickel laterite with H₂SO₄ solution on atmospheric pressure is controlled by diffusion through solid layer product.

Keywords: analysis of variance; leaching; saprolit; limonit

A B S T R A K

Leaching pada tekanan atmosfer adalah salah satu metode pelindian yang menjadi perhatian karena memiliki beberapa keuntungan yaitu dapat mengolah bijih nikel kadar rendah, dapat beroperasi pada temperatur >100 ⁰C pada tekanan atmosfer serta dapat digunakan pada bijih saprolit dan limonit. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan ekstraksi nikel dari bijih nikel laterit menggunakan larutan asam sulfat (H₂SO₄) sebagai agen pelindi. Variabel yang divariasikan dalam proses pelindian yaitu temperatur (30, 60, dan 90 ⁰C), konsentrasi asam sulfat (0,2; 0,5; dan 0,8 molar) dan waktu pelindian (30, 60, dan 90 menit). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) 3 faktor untuk melihat signifikansi variabel dan urutan variabel yang paling berpengaruh. Selain itu, dilakukan studi kinetika pelindian menggunakan shrinking core model untuk mengetahui pengendali laju reaksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan variabel temperatur, konsentrasi asam sulfat dan waktu pelindian menyebabkan meningkatnya persen ekstraksi nikel. Berdasarkan hasil ANOVA 3 faktor diperoleh urutan variabel yang paling berpengaruh yaitu temperatur, konsentrasi asam dan waktu pelindian. Hasil analisis kinetika menunjukkan bahwa pengendali laju reaksi pelindian bijih nikel laterit menggunakan larutan H₂SO₄ pada tekanan atmosfer yaitu difusi melalui lapisan produk padat.

Kata kunci: analysis of variance; pelindian; limonit; saprolit

Keywords

analysis of variance; leaching; saprolit; limonit

Full Text:

PDF

References

Astuti, W., Hirajima, T., Sasaki, K. and Okibe, N., 2015, Kinetics of nickel extraction from Indonesian saprolitic ore by citric acid leaching under atmospheric pressure, Miner. Metall. Process., 32 (3), 176–185.

Astuti, W., Hirajima, T., Sasaki, K. and Okibe, N., 2016, Comparison of effectiveness of citric acid and other acids in leaching of low-grade Indonesian saprolitic ores, Miner. Eng., 85, 1–16.

Büyükakinci, E. and Topkaya, Y.A., 2009, Extraction of nickel from lateritic ores at atmospheric pressure with agitation leaching, Hydrometallurgy, 97 (1–2), 33–38.

Chang, Y., Zhai, X., Li, B. and Fu, Y., 2010, Removal of iron from acidic leach liquor of lateritic nickel ore by goethite precipitate, Hydrometallurgy, 101 (1–2), 84–87.

Eni Febrianaa, A.T., Mayangsaria, W. and Prasetyoa, A.B.P., 2018, Kinetika dan mekanisme pelindian nikel dari bijih limonit: pengaruh waktu dan temperatur, Metalurgi, 2, 61–68.

Guo, X.Y., Shi, W.T., Li, D. and Tian, Q.H., 2011, Leaching behavior of metals from limonitic laterite ore by high pressure acid leaching, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China (English Ed., The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 21 (1), 191–195.

Gustiana, H.S.E.A., 2018, Pelindian Nikel dari Nikel Laterit Pomalaa Menggunakan Asam Asetat, Master Tesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

Kursunoglu, S. and Kaya, M., 2016, Atmospheric pressure acid leaching of Caldag lateritic nickel ore, Int. J. Miner. Process., 150, 1–8.

Li, J., Yang, Y., Wen, Y., Liu, W., Chu, Y., Wang, R. and Xu, Z., 2020, Leaching kinetics and mechanism of laterite with NH₄Cl-HCl solution, Minerals, 10 (9), 1–11.

Luo, J., Li, G., Rao, M., Peng, Z., Zhang, Y. and Jiang, T., 2015, Atmospheric leaching characteristics of nickel and iron in limonitic laterite with sulfuric acid in the presence of sodium sulfite, Miner. Eng., 78, available at:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.03.030.

Luo, W., Feng, Q., Ou, L., Zhang, G. and Chen, Y., 2010, Kinetics of saprolitic laterite leaching by sulphuric acid at atmospheric pressure, Miner. Eng., 23 (6), 458–462.

MacCarthy, J., Nosrati, A., Skinner, W. and Addai-Mensah, J., 2016, Atmospheric acid leaching mechanisms and kinetics and rheological studies of a low grade saprolitic nickel laterite ore, Hydrometallurgy, 160, 26–37.

Mohammadreza, F., Mohammad, N. and Ziaeddin, S.S., 2014, Nickel extraction from low grade laterite by agitation leaching at atmospheric pressure, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 24 (4), 543–548.

Mubarok, M.Z. and Fathoni, M.W., 2016, Studi kinetika pelindian bijih nikel limonit dari pulau Halmahera dalam larutan asam nitrat, Metalurgi, 31 (1), 1–10.

Mubarok, M.Z. and Lieberto, J., 2013, Precipitation of Nickel Hydroxide from Simulated and Atmospheric-leach Solution of Nickel Laterite Ore, Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., 6, 457–464.

Önal, M.A.R. and Topkaya, Y.A., 2014, Pressure acid leaching of Çaldaǧ lateritic nickel ore: An alternative to heap leaching, Hydrometallurgy, 142, 98–107.

Oxley, A. and Barcza, N., 2013, Hydro-pyro integration in the processing of nickel laterites, Miner. Eng., 54, 2–13.

Permana, D., Kumalasari, R., Wahab and Musnajam., 2020, Pelindian bijih nikel laterit kadar rendah menggunakan metode atmospheric acid leaching dalam media asam klorida (HCl), Ris. Geol. Dan Pertamb., 30 (2), 203–214.

Thubakgale, C.K., Mbaya, R.K.K. and Kabongo, K., 2013, A study of atmospheric acid leaching of a south african nickel laterite, Miner. Eng., 54, 79–81.

Wanta, K.C., Tanujaya, F.H., Susanti, R.F., Petrus, H.T.B.M., Perdana, I. and Astuti, W., 2018, Studi kinetika proses atmospheric pressure acid leaching bijih laterit limonit menggunakan larutan asam nitrat konsentrasi rendah, Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 12 (2), 77–84.

Whittington, B.I. and Muir, D., 2000, Pressure acid leaching of nickel laterites: a review, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 21 (6), 527–599.

Xiao, W., Liu, X. and Zhao, Z., 2020, Kinetics of nickel leaching from low-nickel matte in sulfuric acid solution under atmospheric pressure, Hydrometallurgy, 194, 1–27.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.61533

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 6704 |

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Username
Password
Remember me