Pembuatan Zat Warna Alami dalam Bentuk Serbuk untuk Mendukung Industri Batik di Indonesia
Paryanto(1*), Agus Purwanto(2), Endang Kwartiningsih(3), Endang Mastuti(4)
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(2) 
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(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Zat warna sintetis sangat praktis digunakan serta dapat menimbulkan warna yang mencolok pada produk. Namun limbah buangan zat warna sintetis dapat mencemari lingkungan. Saat ini zat warna alami mulai digunakan kembali. Untuk memudahkan pemakaian, zat warna alami berbentuk cair dikeringkan menjadi serbuk. Ekstrak zat warna alami dari biji kesumba dalam penelitian ini dikeringkan menggunakan spray dryer sehingga terbentuk serbuk. Zat warna kesumba diekstraksi dengan pelarut larutan NaOH dan Ca(OH)2. Pengeringan dilakukan dengan laju umpan rata – rata 0,13 ml/detik dengan suhu umpan 70°C dan suhu pengering 120°C. Pelarut NaOH memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibanding pelarut Ca(OH)2. Kondisi yang relatif baik dicapai pada penggunaan pelarut NaOH 0,4 M, suhu 90C dan waktu 180 men. Serbuk yang dihasilkan 19,6 g/L larutan ekstrak.
Kata Kunci : zat warna alam, serbuk, biji kesumba, pengering sembur, batik.
Synthetic dyes are very practical to use and can lead to a striking color on the products. However, synthetic dye effluent may pollute the environment. For this reason, currently natural dyes have been used again for coloring. In order to ease the use of natural dyes, the liquid form of the dyes is dried into powder. In the present study, natural dyes extracted from kesumba seeds were dried using a spray dryer to form a powder. The Kesumba dye was extracted in an alkaline solutions of NaOH and Ca(OH)2. Drying was carried out with a feed having an average rate of 0.13 ml/sec at a temperature of 70°C. Meanwhile, dryer temperature was 120C. Experimental results showed that extraction using NaOH solution offered better results than that using Ca(OH)2 solution. The extraction using NaOH solution was optimum at NaOH concentration of 0.4 M, temperature of 90C and duration of 180 min. With this condition, the resulting powder was 19.6 g/L extract solution.
Keywords : natural dye, powder, kesumba seed, spray dryer, batik.
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.2454
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