PERANCANGAN SISTEM KERJA YANG ERGONOMIS DI INDUSTRI PEMELIHARAAN LOKOMOTIF “BALAI YASA YOGYAKARTA”

Abstract

Background: Balai Yasa PT Kereta Api (Persero) Yogyakarta
is the only diesel locomotive maintenance industry operating in
Java Island that has a major role in determining the
successfulness of whole train transportation mode operated.
A ‘new’ locomotive it produces indicates locomotive system
reliability operating. This is a result of a reliable maintaining
process. Balai Yasa Yogyakarta applies manual process in
doing its job. It means that the operator uses his hands to fix
the problems. In the meantime, working process in some units
are not ergonomics from the point of motion, working position,
and operator working hour. Besides, the application of
Occupational Safety and Health Management System is not
integrated with industry management system. This can lead to
risks such as accident and illness of work, ineffective and not
efficient work, and finally produces unqualified products.
Objective: Based on (1) strategic task of Balai Yasa
Yogyakarta, (2) product and work system produced, (3)
operator interest on occupational safety and health in production
process, and (4) Occupational Safety and Health Management
System interest in locomotive maintenance industry, the
research conducted in order to discover (a) an ergonomic
work system, on motion and operator working position, (b)
time duration in production process of work unit, (c) audit
result of Occupational Safety and Health Management System
can be applied as an integrated department with industry
management system.
Method: This is a non-experimental and observational research
using modelling style and evaluating in nature.
Result: (1) In nine work stations representing complete work
process characters, the operators show unergonomics motion
and working position. It risks work accident and illness, non
optimum work gain because of improper motion and working
position. It needs total recovery in operator motion and their
working position in two standards: standing or sitting must be
in straight back. (2) Time duration, work hour for a locomotive
is 143 hours normally. This can be the guideline to arrange a
standard in operator motion and their working position based
on time duration. (3) Occupational Safety and Health
Management System has done the audit and the standard
parameter result is 11%. The absence of Occupational Safety
and Health Committee causes occupational safety and health
run in non standard application. Occupational Safety and Health
Management System must be integrated in total industry
management system.
Conclusion: Balai Yasa Yogyakarta has not applied
Occupational Safety and Health Management System and
ergonomic program, so that it must implement ergonomic
program and Occupational Safety and Health Management
System.
Keywords: ergonomics, occupational safety and health
management system, railway affairs, work system design