Abstrak

Pemerintah Indonesia memutuskan untuk meluncurkan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) setelah mendapati kejadian CoVID-19 di Jakarta. Keputusan itu menjadi trending topic di media sosial Twitter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aktor utama dan pergerakan opini mengenai isu PSBB di Twitter di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan RStudio untuk mendapatkan sekitar 5.000 tweet pada 6 Mei 2020 dengan kata kunci "psbb" dan tagar #psbb. Hasil text mining, analisis sosiogram, dan Social Network Analysis (SNA) mendapatkan temuan menarik. Pertama, opini tentang PSBB di Twitter sebagian besar berisi candaan tentang Pembatasan Sosial Berujung Bubaran. Candaan ini dipopulerkan oleh FiersaBesari. Kedua, muncul tujuh akun organisasi yang berperan sebagai penggiring opini publik. Ketiga, pengguna akun Twitter paling dominan adalah Yunartowijaya, Direktur Eksekutif Lembaga Polling Politik, Charta Politika Indonesia. Dan keempat,  media berita online yang paling aktif memuat tentang PSBB adalah detikcom dan CNN Indonesia. Selain itu, analisis juga menemukan bahwa aktor yang berafiliasi dengan Fraksi Demokrat pada DPR RI secara aktif mengkritik kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia tentang penetapan PSBB.

Kata kunci: Analisis Jaringan Sosial, Media Sosial, Opini Publik, PSBB

Abstract

The Government of Indonesia has decided to launch a Nationwide Social Distancing (PSBB) policy after acknowledging the CoVID-19 outbreaks in Jakarta. The decision became a trending topic on social media Twitter. This study aims to identify the main actors and opinion movements regarding the PSBB issue on Twitter in Indonesia. This study used RStudio to mine around 5,000 tweets on May 6, 2020 using the keyword "psbb" and the hashtag #psbb. The results of text mining, sociogram analysis, and Social Network Analysis (SNA) found interesting findings. First, opinions about PSBB on Twitter mostly about jokes on Social Distancing and Relationship Break. This joke was popularized by FiersaBesari. Second, there are seven organizational accounts that act as leading public opinion. Third, the most dominant Twitter account user is Yunartowijaya, Executive Director of the Political Polling Institute, Charta Politika Indonesia. And fourth, the online news media that most actively discussing about PSBB are detikcom and CNN Indonesia. In addition, the analysis also found that actors affiliated with the Democratic Faction in the DPR RI actively criticized The Gorvernment of Indonesia’s decission on PSBB policy.

Keywords: PSBB, Public Opinion, Social Media, Social Network Analysis

Anderson, D. C., & Turgeon, M. (2023). Comparative Public Opinion. New York: Routledge.

Angdhiri, R. P. (2020, April 11). Challenges of home learning during a pandemic through the eyes of a student. Retrieved from The Jakarta Post: https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2020/04/11/challenges-of-home-learning-during-a-pandemic-through-the-eyes-of-a-student.html.

Ardha, B. (2014). Social media sebagai media kampanye partai politik 2014 di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 105-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jvk.v13i1.383.

Ausserhofer, J., & Maireder, A. (2013). National politics on Twitter: Structures and topics of a networked public sphere. Information, Communication & Society, 291-314. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.756050.

Aziz, Abdul. (2022). Strengthening data-driven policy communication on Indonesia Economic Recovery Program of Covid-19 in the digital landscape. Jurnal Media dan Komunikasi, 3(2). 128-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmki.70426.

Bekafigo, M. A., & McBride, A. (2013). Who tweets about politics? Political participation of Twitter users during the 2011 gubernatorial elections. Social Science Computer Review, 625-643. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439313490405.

Bruns, A. (2011). How long is a Tweet? Mapping dynamic conversation networks on Twitter using Gawk and Gephi. Information, Communication & Society, 1323-1351. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2011.635214.

Calderaro, A. (2014). Internet Politics Beyond the Digital Divide: A Comparative Perspective on Political Parties Online Across Political Systems. In B. Pa˘trut, & M. Pa˘trut, Social Media in Politics: Case Studies on the Political Power of Social Media (pp. 3-18). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

Dewi, W. A. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 terhadap implementasi pembelajaran daring di Sekolah Dasar. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 55-61. doi: https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v2i1.89.

Gainous, J., & Wagner, K. M. (2014). Tweeting to Power: The Social Media Revolution in American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Government Regulation of The Republic of Indonesia Number 21 the Year 2020 Concerning Nation-Wide Social Distancing (PSBB) to Reduce Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).

Hanoatubun, S. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. EduPsyCouns Journal, 146-153. Retrieved from https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/Edupsycouns/article/view/423.

Hucker, D. (2020). Public Opinion and Twentieth-Century Diplomacy: A Global Perspective. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

Juditha, C. (2014). Opini publik terhadap kasus "KPK Lawan Polisi" dalam media sosial Twitter. Jurnal Pekommas, 61-70. DOI: 10.30818/jpkm.2014.1170201.

Jungher, A. (2015). Analyzing Political Communication with Digital Trace Data: The Role of Twitter Messages in Social Science Research. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

Jungherr, A., Schoen, H., & Jürgens, P. (2016). The mediation of politics through Twitter: An analysis of messages posted during the campaign for the German Federal Election 2013. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 50-68. doi:10.1111/jcc4.12143.

Marsden, P. V. (2005). Recent Developments in Network Measurement. In P. J. Carrington, J. Scott, & S. Wasserman, Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis (pp. 8-30). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mas'udi, W., & Winanti, P. S. (2020). Tata Kelola Penanganan Covid-19 di Indonesia: Kajian Awal. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory 6th edition. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

National Special Force for Covid-19. (2020, May 8). Pasien Sembuh COVID-19 Naik Jadi 2.494, Kasus Meninggal 943 Orang. Retrieved from covid19.go.id: https://covid19.go.id/p/berita/pasien-sembuh-covid-19-naik-jadi-2494-kasus-meninggal-943-orang.

Nuraini, R. (2020, March 2). Kasus Covid-19 Pertama, Masyarakat Jangan Panik. Retrieved from Indonesia.go.id: https://indonesia.go.id/narasi/indonesia-dalam-angka/ekonomi/kasus-covid-19-pertama-masyarakat-jangan-panik.

Park, C. S. (2013). Does Twitter motivate involvement in politics? Tweeting, opinion leadership, and political engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, 1641-1648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.044.

Pratiwi, E. W. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran online di sebuah perguruan tinggi kristen di Indonesia. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan, 1-8. DOI: doi.org/10.21009/PIP.341.1.

Presidential Regulation of The Republic of Indonesia Number 7 the Year 2020 Concerning Task Force to Reduce Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).

Putra, V. C. H., (2022). Komunikasi Getok Tular : Revitalisasi Komunikasi dalam penanganan pandemi covid-19 (Komunikasi penanganan pandemi covid-19 dengan pendekatan Cultural Studies Stuart Hall). Jurnal Media dan Komunikasi Indonesia, 144-154. DOI 10.22146/jmki.70442.

Romejin, J. (2020). Do political parties listen to the(ir) public? Public opinion-party linkage on specific policy issues. Party Politics, 426-436.

Romero, L. D. (2014). On the Web and Contemporary Social Movements: An Introduction. In B. Pa˘trut¸, & M. Pa˘trut, Social Media in Politics: Case Studies on the Political Power of Social Media (pp. 19-34). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

Rosa, A. L. (2014). Social Media and Social Movements Around the World: Lessons and Theoretical Approaches. In B. Pa˘trut¸, & M. Pa˘trut, Social Media in Politics: Case Studies on the Political Power of Social Media (pp. 35-48). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

Seib, P. (2012). Real-Time Diplomacy: Politics and Power in the Social Media Era. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Sirin, C. V., Valentino, N. A., & Villalobos, J. D. (2021). Seeing Us in Them: Social Divisions and the Politics of Group Emphaty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

van Dijk, J. A. (2006). The Network Society: Social Aspects of New Media 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications.

Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.

We are social. (2019, March 7). Lipsus Internet 2019. Retrieved from Websindo.com: https://websindo.com/indonesia-digital-2019-media-sosial/.

WHO Statement. (2020, April 27). WHO Timeline - COVID-19. Retrieved from WHO: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19.

Wulansari, I. (2014). Artikulasi komunikasi politik Ridwan Kamil dalam media sosial Twitter. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 20-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v6i2.413.

Xiao, F., Noro, T., & Tokuda, T. (2012). News-Topic Oriented Hashtag Recommendation in Twitter Based on Characteristic Co-occurrence Word Detection. In M. Brambilla, T. Tokuda, & R. Tolksdorf, Web Engineering: 12th International Conference, ICWE 2012 Proceedings (pp. 16-30). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.