Hubungan antara Stres dan Pola Menstruasi pada Remaja Perempuan Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri di Kota Yogyakarta

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkr.65753

Hardiknas Steven Saneba(1*), Nuring Pangastuti(2), Shinta Prawitasari(3)

(1) PPDS 1 Obstetri dan Ginekologi FKKMK UGM
(2) Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi FKKMK UGM
(3) Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi FKKMK UGM
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Latar Belakang: Perubahan pada siklus menstruasi dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan primer maupun sekunder pada organ reproduksi. Stres merupakan salah satu penyebab gangguan sekunder pada sistem reproduksi yang dapat menyebabkan functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), premature ovarian failure (POF), atau perubahan pada karakteristik siklus menstruasi melalui penekanan pada aksis hipotalamus-pituitari-gonad. Beberapa penelitian mendukung pernyataan ini, namun masih terdapat variasi untuk mengidentifikasi ambang batas dimana tingkat stres dapat mengganggu siklus menstruasi.

Tujuan: Mengetahui bagaimana hubungan antara stres dengan gangguan menstruasi pada remaja perempuan Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri di  kota Yogyakarta.

Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah Cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari remaja perempuan kelas X dan XI SMA Negeri di kota Yogyakarta yang berusia 15-18 tahun dan data-data diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner online. Gangguan menstruasi ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) system-1 tahun 2018 yang direvisi. Tingkat stres diukur melalui skor Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) dan variabel luar yang dievaluasi adalah indeks massa tubuh dan aktivitas fisik dengan intensitas sedang. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square dan  analisis regresi logistik.

Hasil: Dari total 596 responder yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, prevalensi tingkat stres tinggi sebesar 70,47% dan gangguan menstruasi sebesar 43,29%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat stres tinggi (p= 0,830; RP 1,022), indeks massa tubuh (p= 0,542; RP 1,094), maupun aktivitas fisik intensitas sedang (p= 0,717; RP 1,045) terhadap gangguan menstruasi. Hasil yang sama ditunjukkan melalui analisis multivariat.

Kesimpulan: Tingkat stres tinggi ditemukan pada sebagian besar remaja perempuan di kota Yogyakarta, namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres terhadap gangguan menstruasi.

Kata kunci: gangguan menstruasi, stres, remaja perempuan


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkr.65753

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