Hubungan antara Stres dan Pola Menstruasi pada Remaja Perempuan Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri di Kota Yogyakarta

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkr.65753

Hardiknas Steven Saneba(1*), Nuring Pangastuti(2), Shinta Prawitasari(3)

(1) PPDS 1 Obstetri dan Ginekologi FKKMK UGM
(2) Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi FKKMK UGM
(3) Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi FKKMK UGM
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Latar Belakang: Perubahan pada siklus menstruasi dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan primer maupun sekunder pada organ reproduksi. Stres merupakan salah satu penyebab gangguan sekunder pada sistem reproduksi yang dapat menyebabkan functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), premature ovarian failure (POF), atau perubahan pada karakteristik siklus menstruasi melalui penekanan pada aksis hipotalamus-pituitari-gonad. Beberapa penelitian mendukung pernyataan ini, namun masih terdapat variasi untuk mengidentifikasi ambang batas dimana tingkat stres dapat mengganggu siklus menstruasi.

Tujuan: Mengetahui bagaimana hubungan antara stres dengan gangguan menstruasi pada remaja perempuan Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri di  kota Yogyakarta.

Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah Cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari remaja perempuan kelas X dan XI SMA Negeri di kota Yogyakarta yang berusia 15-18 tahun dan data-data diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner online. Gangguan menstruasi ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) system-1 tahun 2018 yang direvisi. Tingkat stres diukur melalui skor Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) dan variabel luar yang dievaluasi adalah indeks massa tubuh dan aktivitas fisik dengan intensitas sedang. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square dan  analisis regresi logistik.

Hasil: Dari total 596 responder yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, prevalensi tingkat stres tinggi sebesar 70,47% dan gangguan menstruasi sebesar 43,29%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat stres tinggi (p= 0,830; RP 1,022), indeks massa tubuh (p= 0,542; RP 1,094), maupun aktivitas fisik intensitas sedang (p= 0,717; RP 1,045) terhadap gangguan menstruasi. Hasil yang sama ditunjukkan melalui analisis multivariat.

Kesimpulan: Tingkat stres tinggi ditemukan pada sebagian besar remaja perempuan di kota Yogyakarta, namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres terhadap gangguan menstruasi.

Kata kunci: gangguan menstruasi, stres, remaja perempuan


Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Azis, A.A., Kurnia, N., Hartati, Purnamasari, A.B., 2018. Menstrual Cycle Length in Women Ages 20-30 years in Makassar. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1028 012019 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1028/1/012019.
  2. Silva, N.K., 2018. Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents: Evaluation and approach to diagnosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/abnormal-uterine-bleeding-in-adolescents-evaluation-and-approach-to-diagnosis.
  3. Tsigos, C., et al., 2013. Stress, Endocrine Physiology and Pathophysiology. [Updated 2016 Mar 10]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278995/.
  4. Oxford learning centres, 2018. Common Causes of School Stress For Students. https://www.oxfordlearning.com/causes-of-school-stress/ [diakses 18 maret 2021].
  5. Desamparado, C.G.A., Mendoza, S.J., Minguito, T.K., Moneva, J.C., 2019. Stress Levels Among the Senior High School Students in Practical; International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. (IJSRP) 9(1) (ISSN: 2250-3153), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.01.2019.p8559.
  6. Kinantie, O.A., 2012. Gambaran Tingkat Stres Siswa Sman 3 Bandung Kelas XII Menjelang Ujian Nasional 2012. Students e-journal, [s.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 31, aug 2012.
  7. Pin, T.L., 2011. Hubungan Kebiasaan Berolahraga dengan Tingkat Stres pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara tahun masuk 2008. Medan: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2011.
  8. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., and Mermelstein, R., 1983. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24,386-396.
  9. State of New Hampshire Employee Assistance Program, 2000. Perceived stress scale. https://das.nh.gov/wellness/docs/percieved%20stress%20scale.pdf [diakses 17 maret 2021]
  10. Sunni, A., Latif, R., 2014. Perceived stress among medical students in preclinical years: A Saudi Arabian perspective. Saudi J Health Sci [serial online] 2014 ;3:155-9. Available from : https://www.saudijhealthsci.org/text.asp?2014/3/3/155/142324 [diakses 18 maret 2021].
  11. Traslaviña, G.A., Franci, C.R., 2011. The CRH-R₁ receptor mediates luteinizing hormone, prolactin, corticosterone and progesterone secretion induced by restraint stress in estrogen-primed rats. Brain Res. 2011 Nov 3;1421:11-9.
  12. Rivier, C., Rivier, J., Mormede, P., & Vale, W., 1984. Studies of the nature of the interaction between vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing factor on adrenocorticotropin release in the rat. Endocrinology 1984;115:882-886.
  13. Wypior, G., Jeschke, U., Kurpisz, M., & Szekeres-Bartho, J., 2011. Expression of CRH, CRH-related peptide and CRH receptor in the ovary and potential CRH signalling pathways. J Reprod Immunol 2011;90:67-73.
  14. Bromberger, J.T., et al., 1997. Prospective study of the determinants of age at menopause. Am J Epidemiol 145:124-133.
  15. Loucks, A.B., et al., 1989. Alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary– ovarian and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axes in athletic women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 68, 402–411.
  16. Dars, S., Sayed, K., Yousufzai, Z., 2013. Relationship of menstrual irregularities to BMI and nutritional status in adolescent girls. Pak J Med Sci 2014;30(1):140-144. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.301.3949.
  17. Aryani, I., Rachma, U.P., Rokhayati, E., & Moelyo, A.G., 2018. Menstrual cycle patterns of Indonesian adolescents. Paediatr Indones. ;58:101-5; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi58.3.2018.101-5.
  18. Hazanah, S., Shoufiah, R., Nurlaila, 2015. Relation between stress and menstrual cycle at 18-21 years of age. International Refered Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) Volume 4, Issue 6, PP.45-49.
  19. Nagma S, et al., 2015. To evaluate the effect of perceived stress on menstrual function. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2015 Mar, Vol-9(3): QC01-QC03. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/6906.5611
  20. Fenster, L., et al, 1999. Psychological stress in the workplace and menstrual function. American journal of epidemiology, 149(2), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009777
  21. Singh, R., Sharma, R., Rajani, H., 2015. Impact of stress on menstrual cycle: A comparison between medical and non medical students. Saudi J Health Sci 2015;4:115-9. DOI 10.4103/2278-0521.157886.
  22. Zhang, Y., Stern, B., Rebar, R.W., 1984. Endocrine comparison of obese menstruating and amenorrheic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 58: 1077, 1984.
  23. Radivojevic, U.D., et al., 2014. Original study differences in anthropometric and ultrasonographic parameters between adolescent girls with regular and irregular menstrual cycles: a case-study of 835 cases. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2014;27:227-31.
  24. Zhang, Q., et al., 2017. The influence of age at menarche, menstrual cycle length and bleeding duration on time to pregnancy: a large prospective cohort study among rural Chinese women. BJOG. 2017;124:1654-62.
  25. Bernstein, L., et al., 1987. The effects of moderate physical activity on menstrual cycle patterns in adolescence: implications for breast cancer prevention. Br J Cancer. ;55(6):681-685. doi:10.1038/bjc.1987.139.
  26. Lee, L.K., Chen, P.C., Lee, K.K., & Kaur, J., 2006. Menstruation among adolescent girls in Malaysia: a cross-sectional school survey. Singapore Med J. 2006;47:869-74.
  27. Assana, S., Laohasiriwong, W., & Rangseekajee, P., 2017. Quality of Life, Mental Health and Educational Stress of High School Students in the Northeast of Thailand. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 11(8), VC01–VC06. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/29209.10429
  28. Shahmohammadi, N., 2011. Students’ coping with Stress at high school level particularly at 11th & 12th grade, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30, Pages 395-401, ISSN 1877-0428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.078. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042811019033)
  29. Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A., 2020. The Outbreak of Covid-19 Coronavirus and Its Impact on Global Mental Health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2020;66(4):317-320. doi:10.1177/0020764020915212
  30. Rabin, D.S., et al., 1990. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in patients with the premenstrual syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:1158-1162.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkr.65753

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 5117 | views : 4915

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi Indexed by:

 

 



SEKRETARIAT JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI
Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi, FK-KMK, UGM/RS Dr. Sardjito
Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281
Tlp: (0274) 511329 / Faks: (0274) 544003
Email: jurnal.kesehatanreproduksi@ugm.ac.id
Cp: Dwi Astuti +6281802698043