Analysis of The Growth of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Exposed by Aluminum Toxicity and Silica as an Amelioration

https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.11194

Satiti Ratnasari(1*), Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra(2), Didik Indradewa(3)

(1) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Aluminum (Al) contained in acidic soil could become an obstacle for plant growth. The Al toxicity could inhibit root growth, water and nutrient absorption. One of the solution to overcome Al toxicity was by applying Silica (Si). The aim of this research was to study the impacts of Al to the growth activity of oil palm and to know the effects of Si to the growth activity of oil palm contaminated by Al. The factorial treatments were arranged in a complete random design with two factors. The first factor was Al toxicity, i.e. with and without Al, while the second factor was the application of Si that consisted of four levels (0, 32, 64, 96 gram per plant). some of variables included leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf area, net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth ratio (RGR), plant height, and plant dry weight were observed. The result showed that Al toxicity decreased the LAR, leaf area, NAR, RGR, plant height, and plant dry weight. The application of Si 32 gram per plant increased leaf area ratio and was not significantly different from the application of 96 gram Si per plant. However, the application of Si to oil palm contaminated with Al did not affect to relative grow rate, but its application to normal plant would increase the relative growth ratio.


Keywords


Aluminum Toxicity; Oil Palm; Plant Growth; Silica

Full Text:

PDF


References

Ai, N. S. 2012. Evolusi Fotosintesis Pada Tumbuhan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 12: 28-34.

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2013. Direktori Perusahaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Baligar, V. C. and N. K. Fageria. 2005. Soil Aluminium Effects on Growth and Nutrition of Cacao. Soil Science Plant Nutrition, 51: 709-713.

Brunner, I. and C. Sperisen. 2013. Aluminium exclusion and Aluminium Tolerance in woody Plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4: 1-12.

Gardner, F. P, R. B. Pearce, and R. L. Mitchell. 1991. Fisiologi Tanaman Budidaya. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia.

Gergichevich, C. M., M. Alberdi, A. G. Ivanov, and M. Reyes-Diaz. 2010. Al3+ - Ca2+ Interaction in Plant Growing in Acid Soils: Al-Phytotoxicity Response to Calcareous Amendments. J. soil. Sci. plant nutr., 10: 217-243.

Hanum, C., W. Q. Mugnisjah, S. Yahya, D. Supandy, K. Idris dan A. Sahar. 2007. Petumbuhan Akar Kedelai pada Cekaman Alumunium, Kekeringan dan Cekaman Ganda Alumunium dan Kekeringan. Agritrop, 26: 13-18.

Kochian, L. V. 1995.Cellular Mechanisms of Aluminium Toxicity and Resistance in Plants. Annu. Rev. of Plant Physiol. and Plant Mol. Biol., 46: 237-260.

Lakitan, B. 1993. Dasar-dasar Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Jakarta, Grafindo Persada.
Liao, H., H. Wan, J. Shaff, X. Wang, X. Yan, L. V. Kochian. 2006. Phosphorus and Aluminum Interactions in Soybean in Relation to Aluminum Tolerance. Exudation of Specific Organic Acids from Different Regions of the Intact Root System. Plant Physiology, 141: 674–684.

Marschner, P. 2012. Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 3rd ed. USA: Elsevier Ltd.

Meena, V. D., M. L. Dotaniya, V. Coumar, S. Rajendiran, Ajay, S. Kundu, and A.S. Rao. 2013. A Case for Silicon Fertilization to Improve Crop Yields in Tropical Soils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 84(3): 505-518.

Panda, S. K. and H. Matsumoto. 2007. Molecular Physiology of Aluminium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants. The botanical review, 73: 326-347.

Pontigo, S., A. Ribera, L. Gianfreda, M. D. I. L. Mora, M. Nikolic, and P. Cartes. 2015. Silicon in Vascular Plants: Uptake, Transport and its Influence on Mineral Stress under Acidic Conditions. Planta, 242: 23–37.

Ryan, P. R., J. M. Ditomaso, and L. V. Kochian. 1993. Aluminum Toxicity in Roots: An Investigation of Spatial Sensitivity and The Role of The Root Cap. J. Exp. Bot., 44: 437-446.

Silva, S. 2012. Aluminium Toxicity Targets in Plants. Journal of Botany, 2012: 1-8.

Yukamgo, E. and N. W. Yuwono. 2007. Peran silikon sebagai Unsur Bermanfaat pada Tanaman Tebu. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 7(2): 103-116.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.11194

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3118 | views : 2899

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.





Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) ISSN 0126-4214 (print), ISSN 2527-7162 (online) is published by Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada collaboration with Perhimpunan Sarjana Pertanian Indonesia (PISPI) and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

web
analytics View My Stats