Penyebaran Semut dalam Kawasan Hutan di Pulau Saparua, Propinsi Maluku
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Fransina Latumahina(1*)
(1) Jurusan Kehutanan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pattimura Ambon, Jl. Ir.M. Putuhena Poka 97237
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Semut akan merespon kehadiran manusia dalam habitatnya, dimana kehadiran manusia melalui kegiatan pengambilan hasil hutan akan berdampak terhadap penyebaran semut dan peranannya dalam ekosistem hutan. Respon semut ditunjukan melalui perubahan nilai keragaman jenis, kelimpahan, dan kelimpahannya yang akan berubah sesuai dengan tekanan dalam habitatnya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kehadiran, kelimpahan, dan keragaman semut dalam Hutan Tuhaha yang telah mengalami tekanan akibat kehadiran manusia. Semut dikoleksi dengan tiga metode yakni Hand Collecting, Pitfall trap berisi larutan detergen, bait trap dengan umpan berupa larutan gula dan potongan ikan tuna. Hasil penelitian menemukan 3615 ekor semut dimana 592 ekor semut dengan menggunakan pitfaal trap, 515 ekor menggunakan metode Bait Trap dengan umpan berupa Ikan Tuna Mentah, 669 ekor semut dengan menggunakan umpan berupa larutan gula, dan 1839 ekor menggunakan metode Hand Collecting. Nilai kelimpahan jenis semut tertingi ditemukan pada jalur 10 sebesar 125 % dan Indeks keragaman Jenis tertinggi sebesar 1.45 pada jalur 10, sementara nilai kelimpahan jenis terendah ditemukan pada jalur 9 sebesar 75 % dan Indeks keragaman jenis terendah ditemukan pada jalur 9 sebesar 0.52. Kekayaan Jenis semut tertinggi ditemukan pada jalur 10 sebesar 4.7, sehingga diduga beberapa faktor yang berperan penting dalam penyebaran semut dalam Hutan Negeri Tuhaha yakni pH tanah antara 6.5 - 6.8, ketersediaan bahan organik, suhu udara yang sesuai diantara 250 o C – 27 0 C dan tutupan vegetasi.
Spread of Ants in Forest Areas in The Island of Saparua Province Of Mollucas
Abstract
Ants will respond to the presence of humans in their habitat, where the presence of humans through the extraction of forest products will have an impact on the spread of ants and their role in the forest ecosystem. Ant response is shown through changes in the value of diversity of species, abundance, and abundance that will change according to the pressure in their habitat. The research aims to determine the presence, abundance, and diversity of ants in the Forest of Tuhaha that have experienced pressure due to human presence. Three methods collect ants, namely, Hand Collecting, Pitfall Trap contains detergent solution, bait trap with bait in the form of sugar solution and tuna pieces. The results found 3615 ants where 592 ants using pitfall traps, 515 tails using the Bait Trap method with bait in the form of Raw Tuna Fish, 669 ants using bait in the form of a sugar solution, and 1839 using the Hand Collecting method. The highest ant species abundance was found in lane ten by 125%, and the highest species diversity index was 1.45 in lane 10, while the lowest species abundance was found in lane nine by 75 % and the lowest species diversity index was found in lane 9 by 0.52. The highest ant species richness found in lane 10 is 4.7, so it is assumed that several factors play an essential role in the spread of ants in the Tuhaha State Forest namely soil pH between 6.5 - 6.8, availability of organic matter, suitable air temperature between 250 o C - 27 0 C and vegetation cover.
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