Partisipasi Masyarakat Lokal dalam Pengembangan Ekowisata
Kaharuddin Kaharuddin(1*), Satyawan Pudyatmoko(2), Chafid Fandeli(3), Wisjnu Martani(4)
(1) Departemen Konservasi Sumber Daya Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Univervsitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Konservasi Sumber Daya Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Univervsitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departemen Konservasi Sumber Daya Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Univervsitas Gadjah Mada
(4) Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Kelompok tani hutan kemasyarakatan (HKm) Mandiri Kalibiru mengelola hutan lindung yang salah satu kegiatannya berupa usaha pengelolaan ekowisata. Keterlibatan masyarakat lokal menjadi pelaku wisata merupakan ciri menonjol dalam usaha jasa tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan jenis partisipasi masyarakat lokal dalam mengembangkan ekowisata, dan peran kelembangaan HKm dalam mendorong masyarakat lokal berpartisipasi dalam pengembangan ekowisata. Konsep partisipasi level perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan pemanfaatan digambarkan pada tiga periode perkembangan obyek wisata: periode ke-1 perintisan, periode ke-2 mulai berkembang dan periode ke-3 berkembang. Pengumpalan data menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam (indept interview) dan kajian dokumen. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan proposisi teoritis. Terdapat perbedaan partisipasi masyarakat lokal pada ke tiga periode perkembangan obyek wisata tersebut. Partisipasi level perencanaan sangat bergantung pada pendamping selama periode ke-1 dan 2, namun ketika obyek wisata sudah berkembang perencanaan mampu dilakukan secara mandiri. Partisipasi level pelaksanaan pada periode ke-1 dan 2 dilakukan secara gotong royong, namun pada periode ke-3 pelaksanaan pembangunan menggunakan tenaga profesional. Partisipasi level pemanfaaatan dimulai pada periode ke-2 yang melibatkan anggota HKm dan tokoh pemuda secara terbatas, dan pada periode ke-3 masyarakat Kalibiru yang memanfaatkan peluang kerja dan usaha mencapai 85%. Tingginya partisipasi masyarakat tersebut tidak lepas dari peran pendamping, pemerintah dan aturan lembaga HKm dalam fasilitasi dan penyediaan ruang partisipasi bagi masyarakat lokal.
Local Communities Participation in Ecotourism Development
Abstract
The community forest Mandiri Kalibiru manages of protected forests one of activities is ecotourism management. The involvement of local communities as ecotourism actors is a major feature in the service business. This study aims to present the type of local communities participation in developing ecotourism, and the role of HKm institution in encouraging the local communities to participate in ecotourism. The concept of participation at the planning, implementation and utilization level is illustrated in three periods of tourism development: the first period-pioneering, the second-developing and the third-developed. Data collection uses in-depth interview techniques and document review. Data analysis was performed descriptively and theoretical propositions. There are differences in local communities participation in the three periods. Participation in the planning level is very dependent on the companion during periods 1 and 2, but when the third period, the planning can be done independently. Participation in the implementation level in periods 1 and 2 was carried out cooperatively, but in the third period, the implementation of the development uses professional staff. Participation in utilization rates began in the second period involving limited HKm members and youth leaders, and the 3rd period the Kalibiru community involved took advantage of work and business opportunities which reached 85%. The high local communities participation is inseparable from the role of partners, government and HKm institutional regulations in facilitating and providing of participating space for local communities.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aji GB, Rusida Y, Joko S, Andini DE, Tanjung S, Hasriani M. 2015. Sumbangan hutan kemasyarakatan dan hutan desa terhadap pendapatan dan pengurangan kemiskinan. Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan LIPI, Jakarta.
Anonim 2013. Rencana pengelolaan jangka panjang (RPJP) KPH Yogyakarta. Dinas Kehutanan Propinsi DIY.
Anonim 2016. Daftar penerimaan hasil keuntungan wisata alam Kalibiru, 1 Juni 2016.
Anonim 2017. Capaian sektor pariwisata, 3 tahun Jokowi- JK. Kementerian Pariwisata.
Anonim 2018. Laporan pendapatan wisata alam Kalibiru. Kokap, Kulon Progo.Yogyakarta.
Blackstock K. 2005. A critical look at community based tourism. Community Development Journal 40 (1): 39–49
Butler RW. 2011. Tourism Area Life Cycle. Goodfellow Publishers Ltd Cobbinah PB. 2015. Contextualising the meaning of ecotourism. Tourism Management Perspectives 16: 179–189
Cruz REH, Eduardo BB, Guillermo MG, Erin IJEL, El Colegio FS. 2005. Social Adaptation ecotourism in the Lacandon Forest. Annals of Tourism Research 32(3): 610–627.
Damanik J. 2013. Pariwisata Indonesia: antara peluang dan tantangan. Pustaka Palajar, Yogyakarta.
Dogra R, Anil G. 2012. Barriers to community participation in tourism development: Empirical evidence from a rural destination. SAJTH (South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage) 5 (1): 102-124.
Idajati H, Adjie P, Vely K. 2016. The level of participation in mangrove ecotourism development, Wonorejo Surabaya. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 227: 515 – 520
Kaharuddin, Satyawan P. 2016. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pariwisata alam di hutan lindung Kalibiru Kulonprogo. Laporan DPP Fakultas Kehutanan UGM.
Lund JF. 2015. Paradoxec of Paticipation: The logic of professionalizationin participatory forestry. Forest Policy and Economics 60:1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j. forpol.2015.07.009
Maryudi A, Rosan RD, Carsten S, Cornelius Y, Manjola S, Helene A, Ratchananth R, Max K. 2012. Back to basics: Considerations in evaluating the outcomes of community forestry. Forest Policy and Economics 14: 1–5
Maryudi A, Krott M. 2012. Local Struggle for Accessing State Forest Property in a Montane Forest Village in Java, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Development 5( 7):62-68.
Maryudi A, Nawir AA. 2017. Hutan Rakyat di Simpang Jalan. UGM Press, Yogyakarta.
Maryudi A. 2014. An Innovative Policy For Rural Development? Rethinking Barriers to Rural Communities Earning Their Living from Forests in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 8(1): 50-64 .
Maryudi A. 2017. Creating New Forest Governance Structure for the 12.7 Million-Promise. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 11 (1): 1-3
McKercher, B. 2005. Destinations as Products? A Reflection on Butler’s Life cycle. Tourism Recreation Research 30(3): 97-102
Moscardo G, Elena K, Laurie M, Nancy GM, Andrea S, 2017. Linking tourism to social capital in destination communities. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 6: 286–295.
Nasikun. 2000. Globalisasi dan paradigma baru pembangunan pariwisata berbasis komunitas. Dalam Fandeli (editor). Pengusahaan Ekowisata. Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta.
Parjan. 2018. Pengelolaan hutan kemasyarakatan Kabupaten Kulon Progo:Kelompok Tani HKm Mandiri Kalibiru. Makalah disampaikan pada Pelatihan Pemanduan Ekowisata di KKPH Tangkoko, Balai Besar Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Sulawesi Utara.
Prabhakarana S, Vikneswaran N, Sridar R. 2014. Community participation in rural tourism: Towards a conceptual framework. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 144: 290 – 295
Purba J. 2005. Pengelolaan lingkungan sosial. Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta.
Ratman DR. 2016. Pembangunan Destinasi Pariwisata Prioritas 2016-2019. Makalah disampaikan dalam rapat Koordinasi Nasional KementerianPariwisata. “AkselerasiPembangunan Kepariwisataan dalam rangka Pencapaian Target Wisman dan Wisnus 2016”. Jakarta, 27 Januari 2016
Setiawan B, R. Rijanta, M. Baiquni. 2017. Sustainable Tourism Development: the Adaptation and Resilience of the Rural Communities in (the Tourist Villages of) Karimunjawa, Central Java. Forum Geograpi 31, 232- 245.
Shier, H. 2001. Pathways to participation; Openings, opportunities and obligations. A new model for enhancing children’s participation in decision making, inline with article 12.1. of the United Nation Convention on the right of the child. Children & Society 15. 107 – 117.
Sikor T, Gritten D, Atkinson J, Huy B, Dahal GR, Duangsathaporn K, Hurahura F, Phanvilay K, Maryudi A, Pulhin J, Ramirez MA, Win S, Toh S, Vaz J, Sokchea T, Marona S, Yaqiao Z. 2013. Community forestry in Asia and the Pacific: Pathway to inclusive development. RECOFTC, Bangkok.
Slamet, Y. 1989. Konsep-konsep dasar partisipasi sosial. PAU Studi Sosial UGM Yogyakarta.
Tosun C. 2000. Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries. Tourism Management 21: 613-633
Tran L, Pierre W. 2014. Ecotourism, gender and development in Northern Vietnam. Annals of Tourism Research 44: 116–130 Tribun Yogya, 2018. UMP dan UMK Yogyakarta 2019, mulai Kota Jogja, Gunungkidul, Bantul, Kulon Progo dan Sleman. Selasa, 30 Oktober 2018.
Wiratno, 2017. Kalibiru yang mendunia. Konservasiwiratno. blogspot.com
Wood, M.E. 2002. Ecotourism: principles, practices and policies for sustainability. UNEP Publication.
Yin RK. 2015. Studi kasus: Desain dan metode (terjemahan). PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.57462
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 30531 | views : 25875Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/
Indexed by:
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International